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Modulation of hydrophobic interactions by proximally immobilized ions

机译:近端固定离子对疏水相互作用的调节

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The structure of water near non-polar molecular fragments or surfaces mediates the hydrophobic interactions that underlie a broad range of interfacial, colloidal and biophysical phenomena. Substantial progress over the past decade has improved our understanding of hydrophobic interactions in simple model systems, but most biologically and technologically relevant structures contain non-polar domains in close proximity to polar and charged functional groups. Theories and simulations exploring such nanometre-scale chemical heterogeneity find it can have an important effect, but the influence of this heterogeneity on hydrophobic interactions has not been tested experimentally. Here we report chemical force microscopy measurements on alkyl-functionalized surfaces that reveal a dramatic change in the surfaces' hydrophobic interaction strengths on co-immobilization of amine or guanidine groups. Protonation of amine groups doubles the strength of hydrophobic interactions, and gua-nidinium groups eliminate measurable hydrophobic interactions in all pH ranges investigated. We see these divergent effects of proximally immobilized cations also in single-molecule measurements on conformationally stable p-peptides with non-polar subunits located one nanometre from either amine- or guanidine-bearing subunits. Our results demonstrate the importance of nanometre-scale chemical heterogeneity, with hydrophobicity not an intrinsic property of any given non-polar domain but strongly modulated by functional groups located as far away as one nanometre. The judicious placing of charged groups near hydrophobic domains thus provides a strategy for tuning hydrophobic driving forces to optimize molecular recognition or self-assembly processes.%所谓的憎水效应是很多众所周知的界面现象、胶体现象和生物物理现象的基础,其中包括土和水的不混容性以及水在非极性表面上的成珠现象。它是由水在非极性表面附近结构化造成的,但尽管我们了解简单系统中的憎水性相互作用,大多数与生物和技术相关的结构却是另一回事。这些更为复杂的系统以彼此之间距离非常近的非极性、极性和带电域的复杂模式为特征。现在,Derek Ma及同事发现,放置在一个非极性域附近的阳离子强烈调制其憎水性相互作用,其中一些阳离子使相互作用强度加倍,而另一些则会消除相互作用。该发现说明,除了用于优化分子识别或自聚集的成熟策略外,将带电基团人为置于憎水域附近的方法也可被用来调节驱动这种过程的憎水力。
机译:非极性分子片段或表面附近的水结构介导了广泛的界面,胶体和生物物理现象背后的疏水相互作用。在过去的十年中取得了实质性进展,使我们对简单模型系统中的疏水性相互作用有了更深入的了解,但是大多数生物学和技术上相关的结构都包含非极性结构域,该结构域紧邻极性和带电官能团。探索这种纳米级化学异质性的理论和模拟发现它可能具有重要作用,但是这种异质性对疏水相互作用的影响尚未经过实验测试。在这里,我们报告了在烷基官能化表面上的化学力显微镜测量结果,这些结果揭示了在胺或胍基团共同固定下表面的疏水相互作用强度发生了显着变化。胺基的质子化使疏水相互作用的强度加倍,而瓜氨酸基团消除了在所有研究的pH范围内可测量的疏水相互作用。我们在单分子测量中也观察到近端固定阳离子的这些发散作用,该构象稳定的p肽具有非极性亚基,距离带有胺或胍的亚基1纳米。我们的结果证明了纳米级化学异质性的重要性,疏水性不是任何给定非极性结构域的固有特性,而是由远至一纳米的官能团强烈调节的。因此,明智地将带电基团置于疏水域附近可提供一种调节疏水驱动力的策略,以优化分子识别或自组装过程。%,疏水性的作用是很多的界面现象,胶体现象和生物物理现象的基础,它是由水在非极性表面附近的结构化造成的,但即使我们了解简单系统中的疏水性流体相互作用,其中包括土和水的不混容性以及水在非极性表面上的成珠现象。 ,,大多数与生物和技术相关的结构却是另一回事。这些更为复杂的系统以彼此之间距离非常近的非极性,极性和带电域的复杂模式为特征。及同事发现,放置在一个非极性域附近的阳离子突变调制其疏水性相互作用,其中一些阳离子使相互作用强度加倍,而另一些替代消除相互作用。该发现说明,除了用于优化分子识别或自聚集的成熟策略外,将带电基团人为替换疏水水域附近的方法也可以被用作调节驱动这种过程的疏水水力。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2015年第7534期|347-350a3|共5页
  • 作者单位

    Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA;

    Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA,Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA;

    Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA;

    Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA;

    Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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