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Brittle intermetallic compound makes ultrastrong low-density steel with large ductility

机译：脆性金属间化合物使延展性大的超强低密度钢

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摘要

Although steel has been the workhorse of the automotive industry since the 1920s, the share by weight of steel and iron in an average light vehicle is now gradually decreasing, from 68.1 per cent in 1995 to 60.1 per cent in 2011 (refs 1, 2). This has been driven by the low strength-to-weight ratio (specific strength) of iron and steel, and the desire to improve such mechanical properties with other materials. Recently, high-aluminium low-density steels have been actively studied as a means of increasing the specific strength of an alloy by reducing its density. But with increasing aluminium content a problem is encountered: brittle intermetallic compounds can form in the resulting alloys, leading to poor ductility. Here we show that an FeAl-type brittle but hard intermetallic compound (B2) can be effectively used as a strengthening second phase in high-aluminium low-density steel, while alleviating its harmful effect on ductility by controlling its morphology and dispersion. The specific tensile strength and ductility of the developed steel improve on those of the lightest and strongest metallic materials known, titanium alloys. We found that alloying of nickel catalyses the precipitation of nanometre-sized B2 particles in the face-centred cubic matrix of high-aluminium low-density steel during heat treatment of cold-rolled sheet steel. Our results demonstrate how intermetallic compounds can be harnessed in the alloy design of lightweight steels for structural applications and others.
机译：尽管从1920年代开始，钢铁就一直是汽车工业的主力军，但如今，钢铁和铁在轻型汽车中所占的比重正在逐步下降，从1995年的68.1％降至2011年的60.1％（参考文献1、2） 。这是由钢铁的低强度重量比（比强度）以及用其他材料改善这种机械性能的愿望所驱动的。近来，高铝低密度钢已被积极研究作为通过降低合金密度来增加合金比强度的一种手段。但是随着铝含量的增加，会遇到一个问题：在所得合金中会形成脆性金属间化合物，导致延展性差。在这里，我们表明FeAl型脆性但坚硬的金属间化合物（B2）可以有效地用作高铝低密度钢中的强化第二相，同时通过控制其形态和分散来减轻其对延展性的有害影响。发达钢的比抗拉强度和延展性比已知的最轻和最强的金属材料钛合金有所提高。我们发现，在冷轧钢板热处理过程中，镍合金化可催化纳米级B2颗粒在高铝低密度钢的面心立方晶格中的析出。我们的结果表明，如何在轻质钢的合金设计中利用金属间化合物进行结构应用和其他应用。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2015年第7537期|77-79|共3页
  • 作者

    Sang-Heon Kim; Hansoo Kim; Nack J. Kim;

  • 作者单位

    Institute of Ferrous Technology, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, South Korea;

    Institute of Ferrous Technology, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, South Korea;

    Institute of Ferrous Technology, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, South Korea;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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