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Phylogenetic structure and host abundance drive disease pressure in communities

机译：系统发育结构和宿主丰度驱动社区的疾病压力

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摘要

Pathogens play an important part in shaping the structure and dynamics of natural communities, because species are not affected by them equally(1,2). A shared goal of ecology and epidemiology is to predict when a species is most vulnerable to disease. A leading hypothesis asserts that the impact of disease should increase with host abundance, producing a 'rare-species advantage'(3-5). However, the impact of a pathogen may be decoupled from host abundance, because most pathogens infect more than one species, leading to pathogen spillover onto closely related species(6,7). Here we show that the phylogenetic and ecological structure of the surrounding community can be important predictors of disease pressure. We found that the amount of tissue lost to disease increased with the relative abundance of a species across a grassland plant community, and that this rare-species advantage had an additional phylogenetic component: disease pressure was stronger on species with many close relatives. We used a global model of pathogen sharing as a function of relatedness between hosts, which provided a robust predictor of relative disease pressure at the local scale. In our grassland, the total amount of disease was most accurately explained not by the abundance of the focal host alone, but by the abundance of all species in the community weighted by their phylogenetic distance to the host. Furthermore, the model strongly predicted observed disease pressure for 44 novel host species we introduced experimentally to our study site, providing evidence for a mechanism to explain why phylogenetically rare species are more likely to become invasive when introduced(8,9). Our results demonstrate how the phylogenetic and ecological structure of communities can have a key role in disease dynamics, with implications for the maintenance of biodiversity, biotic resistance against introduced weeds, and the success of managed plants in agriculture and forestry.
机译：病原体在塑造自然群落的结构和动态方面起着重要作用，因为物种没有受到同等的影响（1,2）。生态学和流行病学的共同目标是预测物种何时最易患疾病。一个主要的假设认为，疾病的影响应随着宿主数量的增加而增加，产生“稀有物种优势”（3-5）。但是，病原体的影响可能与宿主的丰度脱钩，因为大多数病原体感染一种以上的物种，导致病原体溢出到密切相关的物种上（6,7）。在这里，我们表明周围社区的系统发育和生态结构可以作为疾病压力的重要预测指标。我们发现，由于草地植物群落中某个物种的相对丰度，疾病丧失的组织数量增加了，而且这种稀有物种的优势还具有另外的系统发育组成部分：对具有许多近亲的物种而言，疾病压力更大。我们使用病原体共享的全局模型作为宿主之间相关性的函数，在本地范围内提供了相对疾病压力的可靠预测器。在我们的草原上，最准确地解释疾病的总量的原因不是仅局灶宿主的丰度，而是社区中所有物种的丰富度（根据它们与宿主的系统发生距离加权）。此外，该模型强烈预测了我们通过实验引入我们研究地点的44种新型宿主物种的观察到的疾病压力，为解释为何系统种稀有物种在引入时更可能具有入侵性的机制提供了证据（8,9）。我们的结果表明，社区的系统发育和生态结构如何在疾病动态中发挥关键作用，对维持生物多样性，对引入的杂草具有生物抗性以及农林管理植物的成功产生影响。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2015年第7548期|542-544|共3页
  • 作者

    Parker Ingrid M.; Saunders Megan; Bontrager Megan; Weitz Andrew P.; Hendricks Rebecca; Magarey Roger; Suiter Karl; Gilbert Gregory S.;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA|Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama;

    Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA;

    Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA;

    Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA;

    Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA;

    N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Integrated Pest Management, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA;

    N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Integrated Pest Management, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA;

    Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Panama|Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Environm Studies, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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