Erosion of organic carbon in the Arctic as a geological carbon dioxide sink

Hilton Robert G.; Galy Valier; Gaillardet Jerome; Dellinger Mathieu; Bryant Charlotte; ORegan Matt; Groecke Darren R.; Coxall Helen; Bouchez Julien; Calmels Damien

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Erosion of organic carbon in the Arctic as a geological carbon dioxide sink

机译：北极作为地质二氧化碳汇在侵蚀有机碳

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Soils of the northern high latitudes store carbon over millennial timescales (thousands of years) and contain approximately double the carbon stock of the atmosphere(1-3). Warming and associated permafrost thaw can expose soil organic carbon and result in mineralization and carbon dioxide (CO2) release(4-6). However, some of this soil organic carbon may be eroded and transferred to rivers(7-9). If it escapes degradation during river transport and is buried in marine sediments, then it can contribute to a longer-term (more than ten thousand years), geological CO2 sink(8-10). Despite this recognition, the erosional flux and fate of particulate organic carbon (POC) in large rivers at high latitudes remains poorly constrained. Here, we quantify the source of POC in the Mackenzie River, the main sediment supplier to the Arctic Ocean(11,12), and assess its flux and fate. We combine measurements of radiocarbon, stable carbon isotopes and element ratios to correct for rock-derived POC10,13,14. Our samples reveal that the eroded biospheric POC has resided in the basin for millennia, with a mean radiocarbon age of 5,800 +/- 800 years, much older than the POC in large tropical rivers(13,14). From the measured biospheric POC content and variability in annual sediment yield(15), we calculate a biospheric POC flux of 2.2(-0.9)(+1.3) teragrams of carbon per year from the Mackenzie River, which is three times the CO2 drawdown by silicate weathering in this basin(16). Offshore, we find evidence for efficient terrestrial organic carbon burial over the Holocene period, suggesting that erosion of organic carbon-rich, high-latitude soils may result in an important geological CO2 sink.

机译：北部高纬度地区的土壤在千年时间尺度（数千年）内存储碳，并且所含碳储量大约是大气中碳储量的两倍（1-3）。变暖和相关的多年冻土融化会暴露土壤中的有机碳，导致矿化和二氧化碳（CO2）释放（4-6）。但是，这些土壤有机碳中的一部分可能会被侵蚀并转移到河流中（7-9）。如果它在河运过程中避免了降解并被掩埋在海洋沉积物中，那么它可能有助于长期（一万多年）的地质CO2汇（8-10）。尽管有这种认识，但在高纬度的大河中，侵蚀性通量和颗粒有机碳（POC）的结局仍然受到限制。在这里，我们对麦肯齐河（北冰洋的主要沉积物供应者）中的POC来源进行了量化（11,12），并评估了其通量和命运。我们结合了放射性碳，稳定碳同位素和元素比率的测量结果，以校正岩石衍生的POC10、13、14。我们的样本显示，受侵蚀的生物圈POC已经存在于盆地中几千年了，平均放射性碳年龄为5,800 +/- 800年，比热带大河流中的POC年龄要长得多（13,14）。根据测得的生物圈POC含量和年沉积物产量的变化性（15），我们计算出Mackenzie河每年的生物圈POC通量为2.2（-0.9）（+ 1.3）太克碳，是二氧化碳排放量的三倍。该盆地的硅酸盐风化作用（16）。在近海，我们发现了全新世时期有效的陆地有机碳埋藏的证据，这表明富含有机碳的高纬度土壤的侵蚀可能会导致重要的地质CO2汇。

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《Nature》 |2015年第7563期|84-87|共4页
作者
Hilton Robert G.; Galy Valier; Gaillardet Jerome; Dellinger Mathieu; Bryant Charlotte; ORegan Matt; Groecke Darren R.; Coxall Helen; Bouchez Julien; Calmels Damien;
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作者单位

Univ Durham, Dept Geog, Durham DH1 3LE, England;

Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA;

Univ Paris Diderot, Inst Phys Globe Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMR CNRS 7154, F-75005 Paris, France;

Univ Paris Diderot, Inst Phys Globe Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMR CNRS 7154, F-75005 Paris, France;

NERC Radiocarbon Facil, E Kilbride G75 OQF, Lanark, Scotland;

Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden;

Univ Durham, Dept Earth Sci, Durham DH1 3LE, England;

Stockholm Univ, Dept Geol Sci, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden;

Univ Paris Diderot, Inst Phys Globe Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMR CNRS 7154, F-75005 Paris, France;

Univ Paris 11, Lab GEOPS, UMR CNRS 8148, F-91405 Orsay, France;

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收录信息美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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1. Carbon transport by the Lena River from its headwaters to the Arctic Ocean, with emphasis on fluvial input of terrestrial particulate organic carbon vs. carbon transport by coastal erosion [J] . Semiletov IP, Pipko II, Shakhova NE, Biogeosciences . 2011,第9期

机译：勒纳河从上游源头到北冰洋的碳传输，着重于河流颗粒有机碳的河流输入与沿海侵蚀造成的碳传输
2. Carbon transport by the Lena River from its headwaters to the Arctic Ocean, with emphasis on fluvial input of terrestrial particulate organic carbon vs. carbon transport by coastal erosion [J] . I. P.Semiletov, I. I.Pipko, N. E.Shakhova, Biogeosciences . 2011,第9期

机译：勒纳河从上游源头到北冰洋的碳迁移，着重于河流颗粒有机碳的河流输入与沿海侵蚀造成的碳迁移
3. Carbon transport by the Lena River from its headwaters to the Arctic Ocean, with emphasis on fluvial input of terrestrial particulate organic carbon vs. carbon transport by coastal erosion [J] . Semiletov I. P., Pipko I. I., Shakhova N. E., Biogeosciences Discussions . 2011,第9期

机译：勒纳河从上游源头到北冰洋的碳迁移，着重于河流颗粒有机碳的河流输入与沿海侵蚀造成的碳迁移
4. Coal Deposits: Potential Geological Sink For Sequestering Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Power Plants [C] . Charles W.Byrer, Hugh D.Guthrie International conference on greenhouse gas control technologies . 1999

机译：煤矿：潜在地质水槽，用于抵消发电厂的二氧化碳排放量
5. Sources and sinks of atmospheric carbon dioxide estimated from batch least-squares inversions of carbon dioxide concentration measurements. [D] . Baker, David Frank. 2001

机译：根据二氧化碳浓度测量的批次最小二乘反演估算大气二氧化碳的来源和汇流。
6. Dynamics of Soil Organic Carbon and Microbial Biomass Carbon in Relation to Water Erosion and Tillage Erosion [O] . Nie Xiaojun, Zhang Jianhui, Su Zhengan -1

机译：土壤有机碳和微生物量碳与水蚀和耕作侵蚀的关系
7. Erosion of organic carbon in the Arctic as a geological carbon dioxide sink. [O] . Hilton R.G., Galy V., Gaillardet J., 2015

机译：北极中的有机碳作为地质二氧化碳汇而被侵蚀。
8. Sources and Sinks of Carbon Dioxide in the Arctic Regions [R] . Gosink, T. A., Kelley, J. J. 1982

机译：北极地区二氧化碳的来源和汇集

Erosion of organic carbon in the Arctic as a geological carbon dioxide sink

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