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Observation of Dirac monopoles in a synthetic magnetic field

机译:在合成磁场中观察狄拉克单极子

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Magnetic monopoles-particles that behave as isolated north or south magnetic poles-have been the subject of speculation since the first detailed observations of magnetism several hundred years ago. Numerous theoretical investigations and hitherto unsuccessful experimental searches have followed Dirac's 1931 development of a theory of monopoles consistent with both quantum mechanics and the gauge invariance of the electromagnetic field. The existence of even a single Dirac magnetic monopole would have far-reaching physical consequences, most famously explaining the quantization of electric charge. Although analogues of magnetic monopoles have been found in exotic spin ices and other systems, there has been no direct experimental observation of Dirac monopoles within a medium described by a quantum field, such as superfluid helium-3 (refs 10-13). Here we demonstrate the controlled creation of Dirac monopoles in the synthetic magnetic field produced by a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate. Monopoles are identified, in both experiments and matching numerical simulations, at the termini of vortex lines within the condensate. By directly imaging such a vortex line, the presence of a monopole maybe discerned from the experimental data alone. These real-space images provide conclusive and long-awaited experimental evidence of the existence of Dirac monopoles. Our result provides an unprecedented opportunity to observe and manipulate these quantum mechanical entities in a controlled environment.%自从狄拉克1931年建立了关于磁单极子的全rn面理论以来,物理学家就一直想把这些只有一rn个北极或一个南极的假想粒子分离出来。虽然rn磁单极子相似物已在自旋冰和其他奇异系统中rn被发现,但尚未有狄拉克磁单极子在一种由一rn个量子场所描述的介质内被直接观察到。
机译:自从几百年前对磁性的首次详细观测以来,磁单极子(表现为孤立的北极或南极磁极)一直是人们猜测的主题。狄拉克(Dirac)在1931年提出了一种与量子力学和电磁场的标度不变性相一致的单极子理论,随后进行了许多理论研究和迄今未成功的实验研究。即使存在单个Dirac磁性单极子,也将产生深远的物理后果,最著名的原因是解释了电荷的量化。尽管在奇异的自旋冰和其他系统中发现了磁性单极子的类似物,但在由量子场描述的介质(例如超流氦3)(参考文献10-13)中,尚没有直接实验观察到狄拉克单极子的情况。在这里,我们证明了自旋玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚物产生的合成磁场中狄拉克单极子的受控产生。在实验和匹配的数值模拟中,在冷凝液中的涡旋线末端确定了单极子。通过直接成像这样的涡旋线,可以仅从实验数据中识别出单极子的存在。这些真实空间图像为狄拉克单极子的存在提供了确凿且期待已久的实验证据。我们的结果为在受控环境中观察和操纵这些量子力学实体提供了前所未有的机会。%自从狄拉克1931年建立了关于磁单极子的全rn面理论以来,物理学家就一直想把这些只有一rn虽然rn磁单极子相似物已在自旋冰和其他奇异系统中rn被发现,但尚未有狄拉克磁单极子在一种由一rn个量子场所描述的介质内被直接观察到。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2014年第7485期|657-660a11|共5页
  • 作者单位

    Department of Physics, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002-5000, USA;

    QCD Labs, C0MP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, PO Box 13500, 00076 Aalto, Finland;

    Department of Physics, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002-5000, USA,City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, California 91010, USA;

    QCD Labs, C0MP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, PO Box 13500, 00076 Aalto, Finland,Low Temperature Laboratory (OVLL), Aalto University, PO Box 13500, 00076 Aalto, Finland;

    Department of Physics, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002-5000, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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