首页> 外文期刊>Nature >Predicting biodiversity change and averting collapse in agricultural landscapes
【24h】

Predicting biodiversity change and averting collapse in agricultural landscapes

机译:预测生物多样性的变化并避免农业景观的崩溃

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
           

摘要

The equilibrium theory of island biogeography is the basis for estimating extinction rates and a pillar of conservation science. The default strategy for conserving biodiversity is the designation of nature reserves, treated as islands in an inhospitable sea of human activity. Despite the profound influence of islands on conservation theory and practice, their mainland analogues, forest fragments in human-dominated landscapes, consistently defy expected biodiversity patterns based on island biogeography theory. Countryside biogeography is an alternative framework, which recognizes that the fate of the world's wildlife will be decided largely by the hospitality of agricultural or countryside ecosystems. Here we directly test these biogeographic theories by comparing a Neotropical countryside ecosystem with a nearby island ecosystem, and show that each supports similar bat biodiversity in fundamentally different ways. The island ecosystem conforms to island biogeographic predictions of bat species loss, in which the water matrix is not habitat. In contrast, the countryside ecosystem has high species richness and evenness across forest reserves and smaller forest fragments. Relative to forest reserves and fragments, deforested countryside habitat supports a less species-rich, yet equally even, bat assemblage. Moreover, the bat assemblage associated with deforested habitat is com-positionally novel because of predictable changes in abundances by many species using human-made habitat. Finally, we perform a global meta-analysis of bat biogeographic studies, spanning more than 700 species. It generalizes our findings, showing that separate biogeographic theories for countryside and island ecosystems are necessary. A theory of countryside biogeography is essential to conservation strategy in the agricultural ecosystems that comprise roughly half of the global land surface and are likely to increase even further.
机译:岛屿生物地理平衡理论是估计灭绝速度的基础,也是保护科学的基础。保护生物多样性的默认策略是指定自然保护区,这些自然保护区被视为人类活动海洋中的孤岛。尽管岛屿对保护理论和实践产生了深远的影响,但它们的大陆类似物,人类占主导的景观中的森林碎片却始终违背基于岛屿生物地理学理论的预期生物多样性模式。农村生物地理学是一种替代性框架,它认识到世界野生生物的命运将在很大程度上取决于农业或乡村生态系统的热情。在这里,我们通过将新热带乡村生态系统与附近岛屿生态系统进行比较,直接测试了这些生物地理学理论,并表明每种方法都以根本不同的方式支持相似的蝙蝠生物多样性。岛屿生态系统符合蝙蝠物种丧失的岛屿生物地理学预测,其中水基质不是栖息地。相反,农村生态系统在整个森林保护区和较小的森林碎片中具有很高的物种丰富度和均匀度。相对于森林保护区和森林碎片,森林砍伐的农村栖息地支持的物种较少,但蝙蝠的数量却平均相同。而且,与砍伐森林的栖息地相关的蝙蝠组合在结构上是新颖的,因为使用人工栖息地的许多物种的丰度发生了可预测的变化。最后,我们对蝙蝠生物地理研究进行了全球荟萃分析,涵盖了700多种物种。它概括了我们的发现,表明针对农村和岛屿生态系统的单独生物地理学理论是必要的。农村生物地理学理论对于农业生态系统的保护战略至关重要,而农业生态系统约占全球陆地面积的一半,并且有可能进一步增加。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2014年第7499期|213-217|共5页
  • 作者单位

    Center for Conservation Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA,Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA;

    Center for Conservation Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA,Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA,Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA,The Nature Conservancy, Berkeley, California 94705, USA;

    Institute of Experimental Ecology, University of Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany,Centre for Environmental Biology, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;

    Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA;

    Center for Conservation Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA,Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA,Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA,Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm SE-104 05, Sweden,Stockholm Resilience Centre, University of Stockholm, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱:kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备:11010802029741号 ICP备案号:京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有
  • 客服微信

  • 服务号