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Elevated CO_2 further lengthens growing season under warming conditions

机译：升高的CO_2进一步延长了变暖条件下的生长期

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摘要

Observations of a longer growing season through earlier plant growth in temperate to polar regions have been thought to be a response to climate warming. However, data from experimental warming studies indicate that many species that initiate leaf growth and flowering earlier also reach seed maturation and senesce earlier, shortening their active and reproductive periods. A conceptual model to explain this apparent contradiction, and an analysis of the effect of elevated CO_2-which can delay annual life cycle events-on changing season length, have not been tested. Here we show that experimental wanning in a temperate grassland led to a longer growing season through earlier leaf emergence by the first species to leaf, often a grass, and constant or delayed senescence by other species that were the last to senesce, supporting the conceptual model. Elevated CO_2 further extended growing, but not reproductive, season length in the warmed grassland by conserving water, which enabled most species to remain active longer. Our results suggest that a longer growing season, especially in years or biomes where water is a limiting factor, is not due to warming alone, but also to higher atmospheric CO_2 concentrations that extend the active period of plant annual life cycles.%近年来温带和极地植物生长季的延长被归因于温度的上升，但对个别物种的影响可以是使生长季提前、而实际上又不使其延长。在美国怀俄明州温带草地上所进行的一系列暖化和CO_2富集实验中，本文作者发现：温度上升使生叶早的物种的生长季提前，而晚季物种的生命周期则会延长，导致更长的生长季。后一种效应因CO_2浓度升高而得到増强，尤其是当水分供应受限时。
机译：人们认为，在温带至极地地区通过较早的植物生长而获得更长的生长季节，被认为是对气候变暖的一种反应。但是，来自实验性变暖研究的数据表明，许多能够较早地开始叶片生长和开花的物种也能更早达到种子成熟和衰老的状态，从而缩短了它们的活跃和繁殖期。尚未测试用于解释这种明显矛盾的概念模型以及对CO_2升高的影响（可能延迟年度生命周期事件）对季节长度变化的影响的分析。在这里，我们表明，在温带草原进行的实验性衰落导致第一个进入叶子的物种（通常是草）较早出现叶片，以及其他最后衰老的物种持续或延迟衰老，从而支持了概念模型。通过节水，CO_2的升高进一步延长了温暖草地上生长的季节，而不是繁殖的季节长度，这使大多数物种保持更长时间的活动。我们的结果表明，更长的生长季节，尤其是在水为限制因素的年份或生物群落中，不仅是由于变暖，还因为较高的大气CO_2浓度延长了植物的整个生命周期的活跃期。和极地植物生长季的延长被归因于于温度的上升，但对个别种类的影响可以是使生长季提前，而实际上又不改变延长。在美国怀俄明州温带草地上所进行的化和CO_2富集实验中，本文作者发现：温度升高使生叶早的种类的生长季提前，而晚季物种的生命周期延长，导致其生长季。后一种效应因CO_2浓度升高而得到増强，尤其是当水分供应补充时。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2014年第7504期|259-262B1|共5页
  • 作者

    Melissa Reyes-Fox; Heidi Steltzer; M. J. Trlica; Gregory S. McMaster; Allan A. Andales; Dan R. LeCain; Jack A. Morgan;

  • 作者单位

    USDA-ARS, Soil Plant Nutrient Research Unit and Northern Plains Area, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, USA;

    Department of Biology, Fort Lewis College, Durango, Colorado 81301, USA;

    Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA;

    USDA-ARS, Agricultural Systems Research Unit and Northern Plains Area, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, USA;

    Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA;

    USDA-ARS, Rangeland Resources Research Unit, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, USA;

    USDA-ARS, Rangeland Resources Research Unit, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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