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Processing properties of ON and OFF pathways for Drosophila motion detection

机译：果蝇运动检测的ON和OFF途径的处理特性

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摘要

果蝇视觉系统的运动检测长期以来被认为依靠一个简单的神经线路——Reichardt检测器(该检测器将相邻感觉神经元连接起来, 稍有一个时间延迟）, 但一直缺乏电生理证据。Claude Desplan及同事在果蝇髓质中进行了活体"膜片钳"记录, 识别出四个神经元：Mi1、Tm3、Tm1和Tm2, 它们处理延迟的和非延迟的输入, 以检测光和暗的移动边缘。最近的神经一解剖结果表明, 哺乳动物视网膜中运动检测机制的某些部分与果蝇的Reichardt线路相似。%The algorithms and neural circuits that process spatio-temporal changes in luminance to extract visual motion cues have been the focus of intense research. An influential model, the Hassenstein-Reichardt correlator, relies on differential temporal filtering of two spatially separated input channels, delaying one input signal with respect to the other. Motion in a particular direction causes these delayed and non-delayed luminance signals to arrive simultaneously at a subsequent processing step in the brain; these signals are then nonlinearly amplified to produce a direction-selective response. Recent work in Drosophila has identified two parallel pathways that selectively respond to either moving light or dark edges. Each of these pathways requires two critical processing steps to be applied to incoming signals: differential delay between the spatial input channels, and distinct processing of brightness increment and decrement signals. Here we demonstrate, using in vivo patch-damp recordings, that four medulla neurons implement these two processing steps. The neurons Mi1 and Tm3 respond selectively to brightness increments, with the response of Mi1 delayed relative to Tm3. Conversely, Tm1 and Tm2 respond selectively to brightness decrements, with the response of Tm1 delayed compared with Tm2. Remarkably, constraining Hassenstein-Reichardt correlator models using these measurements produces outputs consistent with previously measured properties of motion detectors, including temporal frequency tuning and specificity for light versus dark edges. We propose that Mi1 and Tm3 perform critical processing of the delayed and non-delayed input channels of the correlator responsible for the detection of light edges, while Tml and Tm2 play analogous roles in the detection of moving dark edges. Our data show that specific medulla neurons possess response properties that allow them to implement the algorithmic steps that precede the correlative operation in the Hassenstein-Reichardt correlator, revealing elements of the long-sought neural substrates of motion detection in the fly.
机译：果蝇视觉系统的运动检测长期以来被认为依靠一个简单的神经线路——Reichardt检测器(该检测器将相邻感觉神经元连接起来, 稍有一个时间延迟）, 但一直缺乏电生理证据。Claude Desplan及同事在果蝇髓质中进行了活体"膜片钳"记录, 识别出四个神经元：Mi1、Tm3、Tm1和Tm2, 它们处理延迟的和非延迟的输入, 以检测光和暗的移动边缘。最近的神经一解剖结果表明, 哺乳动物视网膜中运动检测机制的某些部分与果蝇的Reichardt线路相似。%The algorithms and neural circuits that process spatio-temporal changes in luminance to extract visual motion cues have been the focus of intense research. An influential model, the Hassenstein-Reichardt correlator, relies on differential temporal filtering of two spatially separated input channels, delaying one input signal with respect to the other. Motion in a particular direction causes these delayed and non-delayed luminance signals to arrive simultaneously at a subsequent processing step in the brain; these signals are then nonlinearly amplified to produce a direction-selective response. Recent work in Drosophila has identified two parallel pathways that selectively respond to either moving light or dark edges. Each of these pathways requires two critical processing steps to be applied to incoming signals: differential delay between the spatial input channels, and distinct processing of brightness increment and decrement signals. Here we demonstrate, using in vivo patch-damp recordings, that four medulla neurons implement these two processing steps. The neurons Mi1 and Tm3 respond selectively to brightness increments, with the response of Mi1 delayed relative to Tm3. Conversely, Tm1 and Tm2 respond selectively to brightness decrements, with the response of Tm1 delayed compared with Tm2. Remarkably, constraining Hassenstein-Reichardt correlator models using these measurements produces outputs consistent with previously measured properties of motion detectors, including temporal frequency tuning and specificity for light versus dark edges. We propose that Mi1 and Tm3 perform critical processing of the delayed and non-delayed input channels of the correlator responsible for the detection of light edges, while Tml and Tm2 play analogous roles in the detection of moving dark edges. Our data show that specific medulla neurons possess response properties that allow them to implement the algorithmic steps that precede the correlative operation in the Hassenstein-Reichardt correlator, revealing elements of the long-sought neural substrates of motion detection in the fly.

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2014年第7515期|427-430337|共5页
  • 作者

    Rudy Behnia; Damon A. Clark; Adam G. Carter; Thomas R. Clandinin; Claude Desplan;

  • 作者单位

    Center for Developmental Genetics, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003-6688, USA;

    Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut06511, USA, Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA;

    Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA;

    Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA;

    Center for Developmental Genetics, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003-6688, USA, Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi Institute, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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