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Global covariation of carbon turnover times with climate in terrestrial ecosystems

机译：陆地生态系统中碳周转时间与气候的全球协变

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The response of the terrestrial carbon cycle to climate change is among the largest uncertainties affecting future climate change projections. The feedback between the terrestrial carbon cycle and climate is partly determined by changes in the turnover time of carbon in land ecosystems, which in turn is an ecosystem property that emerges from the interplay between climate, soil and vegetation type. Here we present a global, spatially explicit and observation-based assessment of whole-ecosystem carbon turnover times that combines new estimates of vegetation and soil organic carbon stocks and fluxes. We find that the overall mean global carbon turnover time is 23_(-4)~(+7) years (95 per cent confidence interval). On average, carbon resides in the vegetation and soil near the Equator for a shorter time than at latitudes north of 75° north (mean turnover times of 15 and 255 years, respectively). We identify a clear dependence of the turnover time on temperature, as expected from our present understanding of temperature controls on ecosystem dynamics. Surprisingly, our analysis also reveals a similarly strong association between turnover time and precipitation. Moreover, we find that the ecosystem carbon turnover times simulated by state-of-the-art coupled climate/carbon-cycle models vary widely and that numerical simulations, on average, tend to underestimate the global carbon turnover time by 36 per cent The models show stronger spatial relationships with temperature than do observation-based estimates, but generally do not reproduce the strong relationships with precipitation and predict faster carbon turnover in many semi-arid regions. Our findings suggest that future climate/carbon-cycle feedbacks may depend more strongly on changes in the hydrological cyde than is expected at present and is considered in Earth system models.
机译：陆地碳循环对气候变化的响应是影响未来气候变化预测的最大不确定性之一。陆地碳循环与气候之间的反馈部分取决于陆地生态系统中碳的周转时间的变化，而碳的周转时间又是气候，土壤和植被类型之间相互作用产生的一种生态系统特性。在这里，我们介绍了对整个生态系统碳周转时间的全局，基于空间显式和基于观测的评估，该评估结合了对植被，土壤有机碳储量和通量的新估计。我们发现，全球平均碳总周转时间为23 _（-4）〜（+7）年（95％置信区间）。平均而言，碳在赤道附近的植被和土壤中停留的时间比在北纬75°以北的地区短（平均周转时间分别为15年和255年）。正如我们目前对温度控制对生态系统动态的理解所期望的那样，我们确定周转时间与温度之间存在明显的相关性。出人意料的是，我们的分析还揭示了周转时间与降水之间的相似相似关系。此外，我们发现，通过最新的气候/碳循环耦合模型模拟的生态系统碳转换时间差异很大，数值模拟平均低估了全球碳转换时间36％。与温度的空间关系要比基于观测的估计强，但通常不会重现与降水的强关系，并预测许多半干旱地区的碳周转速度更快。我们的发现表明，未来的气候/碳循环反馈可能比目前预期的要更依赖水文循环的变化，这在地球系统模型中已得到考虑。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2014年第7521期|213-217|共5页
  • 作者

    Nuno Carvalhais; Matthias Forkel; Myroslava Khomik; Jessica Bellarby; Martin Jung; Mirco Migliavacca; Mingquan Mu; Sassan Saatchi; Maurizio Santoro; Martin Thurner; Ulrich Weber; Bernhard Ahrens; Christian Beer; Alessandro Cescatti; James T. Randerson; Markus Reichstein;

  • 作者单位

    Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans Knoell Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany,Departamento de Ciencias e Engenharia do Ambiente, DCEA, Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia, FCT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;

    Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans Knoell Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany;

    Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans Knoell Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany,School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada;

    Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK,Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK;

    Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans Knoell Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany;

    Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans Knoell Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany,Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Lab, DISAT, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1,20126 Milan, Italy;

    Department of Earth System Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA;

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA;

    Gamma Remote Sensing, Worbstrasse 225, 3073 Guemligen, Switzerland;

    Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans Knoell Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany;

    Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans Knoell Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany;

    Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans Knoell Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany;

    Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans Knoell Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany,Department of Applied Environmental Science and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius vaeg 8, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden;

    European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Climate Risk Management Unit, Via E. Fermi, 2749, I-21027 Ispra, Italy;

    Department of Earth System Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA;

    Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans Knoell Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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