• 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文期刊>Nature >Producing more grain with lower environmental costs
【24h】

Producing more grain with lower environmental costs

机译：以较低的环境成本生产更多的谷物

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
           
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

Agriculture faces great challenges to ensure global food security by increasing yields while reducing environmental costs. Here we address this challenge by conducting a total of 153 site-year field experiments covering the main agro-ecological areas for rice, wheat and maize production in China. A set of integrated soil-crop system management practices based on a modern understanding of crop ecophys-iology and soil biogeochemistry increases average yields for rice, wheat and maize from 7.2 million grams per hectare (Mg ha ~(-1),7.2 Mg ha~(-1) and 10.5 Mgha~(-1) to 8.5 Mgha~(-1), 8.9Mg ha~(-1) and 14.2 Mg ha~(-1), respectively, without any increase in nitrogen fertilizer. Model simulation and life-cycle assessment show that reactive nitrogen losses and greenhouse gas emissions are reduced substantially by integrated soil-crop system management. If farmers in China could achieve average grain yields equivalent to 80% of this treatment by 2030, over the same planting area as in 2012, total production of rice, wheat and maize in China would be more than enough to meet the demand for direct human consumption and a substantially increased demand for animal feed, while decreasing the environmental costs of intensive agriculture.%土壤—作物综合管理是旨在增加产量和减小环境影响的一种方法,它通过优化的营养供应、季节性时间控制和最好作物品种的使用来让耕作制度适应当地条件。Fusuo Zhang及同事报告了在中国全国范围内用三个主要粮食作物(水稻、小麦和玉米)对这一方法所做的一项验证的结果。与当前做法和高投入方法相比,作者发现,这种综合耕作制度在提高产量方面与高投入方法相当,但营养供应、营养丢失和温室气体排放都比当前做法低。
机译：农业在通过提高产量同时降低环境成本来确保全球粮食安全方面面临着巨大挑战。在这里，我们通过进行总计153个站点年度的田间试验来应对这一挑战，这些试验涵盖了中国水稻，小麦和玉米生产的主要农业生态领域。基于对作物生态学和土壤生物地球化学的现代理解而制定的一套综合的土壤-作物系统管理实践，使水稻，小麦和玉米的平均单产从每公顷720万克（Mg ha〜（-1），7.2 Mg ha 〜（-1）和10.5 Mgha〜（-1）至8.5 Mgha〜（-1），8.9Mg ha〜（-1）和14.2 Mg ha〜（-1），而氮肥没有增加。模拟和生命周期评估表明，土壤-作物系统的综合管理可显着减少活性氮的损失和温室气体的排放，如果到2030年，中国农民能够在相同种植面积上实现相当于该处理80％的平均谷物产量与2012年一样，中国大米，小麦和玉米的总产量将足以满足人类直接消费的需求和对动物饲料的大幅增长，同时降低集约化农业的环境成本。％管理是预测增加的产量和预期环境影响的一种方法，它通过优化的营养供应，逐步时间控制和最好的作物品种的Fuus Zhang及同事报告了在中国全国范围内用三个主要粮食作物（水稻，小麦和玉米）对这一方法进行的一项验证的结果。与当前做法和高摄取方法比例，作者发现，这种综合耕作制度在提高作物方面与高摄取方法相当，但营养供应，营养损失和温室气体排放都比当前做法低。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2014年第7523期|486-489B1|共5页
  • 作者

    Xinping Chen; Zhenling Cui; Mingsheng Fan; Peter Vitousek; Ming Zhao; Wenqi Ma; Zhenlin Wang; Weijian Zhang; Xiaoyuan Yan; Jianchang Yang; Xiping Deng; Qiang Gao; Qiang Zhang; Shiwei Guo; Jun Ren; Shiqing Li; Youliang Ye; Zhaohui Wang; Jianliang Huang; Qiyuan Tang; Yixiang Sun; Xianlong Peng; Jiwang Zhang; Mingrong He; Yunji Zhu; Jiquan Xue; Guiliang Wang; Liang Wu; Ning An; Liangquan Wu; Lin Ma; Weifeng Zhang; Fusuo Zhang;

  • 作者单位

    College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;

    College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;

    College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;

    Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA;

    Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;

    College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China;

    College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China;

    Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;

    Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;

    Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;

    State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China;

    College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;

    Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resource, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Taiyuan 030031, China;

    College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;

    Research Center of Agricultural Environment & Resources, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China;

    State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China;

    College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China;

    Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China;

    College of Plant Science &Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;

    Crop Physiology, Ecology & Production Center, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;

    Soil & Fertilizer Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China;

    College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;

    College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China;

    College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China;

    College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China;

    Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China;

    College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;

    College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;

    College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;

    College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;

    College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;

    College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;

    College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号