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Proton transport through one-atom-thick crystals

机译：质子通过一原子厚的晶体传输

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摘要

一个完美的石墨烯层是所有原子核分子都无法穿透的：即便是最小的原子氢预计在几十亿年内也不会穿过石墨烯致密的电子云。这个特点被认为可以延伸到其他二维晶体，如六角形氮化硼和二硫化钼。Sheng Hu及同事现在发现，令人吃惊的是，石墨烯和六角形氮化硼（但不包括二硫化钼）的单层对质子具有高度可穿透性。该特性，再加上它们的稳定性，表明这些单层材料有望用于很多基于氢的技术中。%Graphene is increasingly explored as a possible platform for developing novel separation technologies. This interest has arisen because it is a maximally thin membrane that, once perforated with atomic accuracy, may allow ultrafast and highly selective sieving of gases, liquids, dissolved ions and other species of interest. However, a perfect graphene monolayer is impermeable to all atoms and molecules under ambient conditions: even hydrogen, the smallest of atoms, is expected to take billions of years to penetrate graphene's dense electronic cloud. Only accelerated atoms possess the kinetic energy required to do this. The same behaviour might reasonably be expected in the case of other atomically thin crystals. Here we report transport and mass spectroscopy measurements which establish that monolayers of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) are highly permeable to thermal protons under ambient conditions, whereas no proton transport is detected for thicker crystals such as monolayer molybdenum disulphide, bilayer graphene or multilayer hBN. Protons present an intermediate case between electrons (which can tunnel easily through atomically thin barriers) and atoms, yet our measured transport rates are unexpectedly high and raise fundamental questions about the details of the transport process. We see the highest room-temperature proton conductivity with monolayer hBN, for which we measure a resistivity to proton flow of about 10Ω cm~2 and a low activation energy of about 0.3 electronvolts. At higher temperatures, hBN is outperformed by graphene, the resistivity of which is estimated to fall below 10~(-3)Ω cm~2 above 250 degrees Celsius. Proton transport can be further enhanced by decorating the graphene and hBN membranes with catalytic metal nanoparticles. The high, selective proton conductivity and stability make one-atom-thick crystals promising candidates for use in many hydrogen-based technologies.
机译：一个完美的石墨烯层是所有原子核分子都无法穿透的：即便是最小的原子氢预计在几十亿年内也不会穿过石墨烯致密的电子云。这个特点被认为可以延伸到其他二维晶体，如六角形氮化硼和二硫化钼。Sheng Hu及同事现在发现，令人吃惊的是，石墨烯和六角形氮化硼（但不包括二硫化钼）的单层对质子具有高度可穿透性。该特性，再加上它们的稳定性，表明这些单层材料有望用于很多基于氢的技术中。%Graphene is increasingly explored as a possible platform for developing novel separation technologies. This interest has arisen because it is a maximally thin membrane that, once perforated with atomic accuracy, may allow ultrafast and highly selective sieving of gases, liquids, dissolved ions and other species of interest. However, a perfect graphene monolayer is impermeable to all atoms and molecules under ambient conditions: even hydrogen, the smallest of atoms, is expected to take billions of years to penetrate graphene's dense electronic cloud. Only accelerated atoms possess the kinetic energy required to do this. The same behaviour might reasonably be expected in the case of other atomically thin crystals. Here we report transport and mass spectroscopy measurements which establish that monolayers of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) are highly permeable to thermal protons under ambient conditions, whereas no proton transport is detected for thicker crystals such as monolayer molybdenum disulphide, bilayer graphene or multilayer hBN. Protons present an intermediate case between electrons (which can tunnel easily through atomically thin barriers) and atoms, yet our measured transport rates are unexpectedly high and raise fundamental questions about the details of the transport process. We see the highest room-temperature proton conductivity with monolayer hBN, for which we measure a resistivity to proton flow of about 10Ω cm~2 and a low activation energy of about 0.3 electronvolts. At higher temperatures, hBN is outperformed by graphene, the resistivity of which is estimated to fall below 10~(-3)Ω cm~2 above 250 degrees Celsius. Proton transport can be further enhanced by decorating the graphene and hBN membranes with catalytic metal nanoparticles. The high, selective proton conductivity and stability make one-atom-thick crystals promising candidates for use in many hydrogen-based technologies.

著录项

  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2014年第7530期|227-230a2|共5页
  • 作者

    S. Hu; M. Lozada-Hidalgo; F. C. Wang; A. Mishchenko; F. Schedin; R. R. Nair; E. W. Hill; D. W. Boukhvalov; M. I. Katsnelson; R. A. W. Dryfe; I. V. Grigorieva; H. A. Wu; A. K. Geim;

  • 作者单位

    School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK,Manchester Centre for Mesoscience and Nanotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;

    School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;

    Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials,Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027 China;

    School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;

    Manchester Centre for Mesoscience and Nanotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;

    School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;

    Manchester Centre for Mesoscience and Nanotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;

    Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University of Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands;

    Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University of Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands;

    School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;

    School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;

    Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials,Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027 China;

    School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK,Manchester Centre for Mesoscience and Nanotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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