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Asymmetric neurotransmitter release enables rapid odour lateralization in Drosophila

机译：不对称的神经递质释放使果蝇中的气味快速侧向化

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在碰上一个有气味的不对称烟柱时，果蝇能分清左右。该研究揭示了这一本领的一个神经基础。Rachel Wilson及其同事发现，果蝇能够区别呈现给其右触须的气味和呈现给其左触须的气味，因为从右触须产生的每个尖峰在左脑中释放的神经传输物只有在右脑中释放的神经传输物的大约2/3。因此，右侧中央神经元比左侧神经元提前几毫秒的时间达到尖峰，而且右侧神经元达到尖峰的速率也稍高一些。一只正在走动的果蝇的大脑能检测出这种微妙的不对称性，并且甚至在果蝇完成一个迈步之前就会启动一个向右转。%In Drosophila, most individual olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) project bilaterally to both sides of the brain. Having bilateral rather than unilateral projections may represent a useful redundancy. However, bilateral ORN projections to the brain should also compromise the ability to lateralize odours. Nevertheless, walking or flying Drosophila reportedly turn towards the antenna that is more strongly stimulated by odour. Here we show that each ORN spike releases approximately 40% more neurotransmitter from the axon branch ipsilateral to the soma than from the contra-lateral branch. As a result, when an odour activates the antennae asymmetrically, ipsilateral central neurons begin to spike a few milliseconds before contralateral neurons, and at a 30 to 50% higher rate than contralateral neurons. We show that a walking fly can detect a 5% asymmetry in total ORN input to its left and right antennal lobes, and can turn towards the odour in less time than it requires the fly to complete a stride. These results demonstrate that neurotransmitter release properties can be tuned independently at output synapses formed by a single axon onto two target cells with identical functions and morphologies. Our data also show that small differences in spike timing and spike rate can produce reliable differences in olfactory behaviour.
机译：在碰上一个有气味的不对称烟柱时，果蝇能分清左右。该研究揭示了这一本领的一个神经基础。Rachel Wilson及其同事发现，果蝇能够区别呈现给其右触须的气味和呈现给其左触须的气味，因为从右触须产生的每个尖峰在左脑中释放的神经传输物只有在右脑中释放的神经传输物的大约2/3。因此，右侧中央神经元比左侧神经元提前几毫秒的时间达到尖峰，而且右侧神经元达到尖峰的速率也稍高一些。一只正在走动的果蝇的大脑能检测出这种微妙的不对称性，并且甚至在果蝇完成一个迈步之前就会启动一个向右转。%In Drosophila, most individual olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) project bilaterally to both sides of the brain. Having bilateral rather than unilateral projections may represent a useful redundancy. However, bilateral ORN projections to the brain should also compromise the ability to lateralize odours. Nevertheless, walking or flying Drosophila reportedly turn towards the antenna that is more strongly stimulated by odour. Here we show that each ORN spike releases approximately 40% more neurotransmitter from the axon branch ipsilateral to the soma than from the contra-lateral branch. As a result, when an odour activates the antennae asymmetrically, ipsilateral central neurons begin to spike a few milliseconds before contralateral neurons, and at a 30 to 50% higher rate than contralateral neurons. We show that a walking fly can detect a 5% asymmetry in total ORN input to its left and right antennal lobes, and can turn towards the odour in less time than it requires the fly to complete a stride. These results demonstrate that neurotransmitter release properties can be tuned independently at output synapses formed by a single axon onto two target cells with identical functions and morphologies. Our data also show that small differences in spike timing and spike rate can produce reliable differences in olfactory behaviour.

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2013年第7432期|424-428qt3|共6页
  • 作者

    Quentin Gaudry; Elizabeth J. Hong; Jamey Kain; Benjamin L. de Bivort; Rachel I. Wilson;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;

    Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;

    Rowland Institute, Harvard University, 100 Edwin Land Boulevard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA;

    Rowland Institute, Harvard University, 100 Edwin Land Boulevard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA,Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA;

    Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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