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Planetary system disruption by Galactic perturbations to wide binary stars

机译：银河系对宽双星恒星的扰动破坏了行星系统

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摘要

Nearly half the exoplanets found within binary star systems reside in very wide binaries with average stellar separations greater than 1,000 astronomical units (one astronomical unit (AU) being the Earth-Sun distance), yet the influence of such distant binary companions on planetary evolution remains largely unstudied. Unlike their tighter counterparts, the stellar orbits of wide binaries continually change under the influence of the Milky Way's tidal field and impulses from other passing stars. Here we report numerical simulations demonstrating that the variable nature of wide binary star orbits dramatically reshapes the planetary systems they host, typically billions of years after formation. Contrary to previous understanding, wide binary companions may often strongly perturb planetary systems, triggering planetary ejections and increasing the orbital eccentricities of surviving planets. Although hitherto not recognized, orbits of giant exoplanets within wide binaries are statistically more eccentric than those around isolated stars. Both eccentricity distributions are well reproduced when we assume that isolated stars and wide binaries host similar planetary systems whose outermost giant planets are scattered beyond about 10 AU from their parent stars by early internal instabilities. Consequently, our results suggest that although wide binaries eventually remove the most distant planets from many planetary systems, most isolated giant exo-planet systems harbour additional distant, still undetected planets.
机译：在双星系统中发现的近系外行星有近一半生活在非常宽的双星中，平均恒星间隔大于1,000天文单位（一个天文单位（AU）是地球与太阳的距离），但是这种遥远的双星同伴对行星演化的影响仍然存在基本上没有研究。不像它们更紧密的对应，宽双星的恒星轨道在银河的潮流场和其他经过的恒星的冲力的影响下不断变化。在这里，我们报告的数值模拟表明，宽双星恒星轨道的可变性质极大地重塑了它们所拥有的行星系统，通常是在形成数十亿年之后。与以前的理解相反，广泛的二元同伴可能经常强烈扰动行星系统，触发行星弹出并增加幸存行星的轨道偏心率。尽管迄今尚未发现，但宽双星内的巨型系外行星轨道在统计上比孤立星周围的轨道更偏心。当我们假设孤立的恒星和宽双星拥有相似的行星系统时，由于早期内部不稳定性，它们的最外层巨型行星从其母星散布到约10 AU以上，这两个偏心率分布都得到了很好的再现。因此，我们的结果表明，尽管宽双星最终会将许多行星系统中最遥远的行星移开，但大多数孤立的巨型系外行星系统仍携带着其他遥远但仍未被发现的行星。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2013年第7432期|381-384|共4页
  • 作者

    Nathan A. Kaib; Sean N. Raymond; Martin Duncan;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada,Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H8, Canada,Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2131 Tech Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA;

    Universite de Bordeaux, Observatoire Aquitain des Sciences de I'Univers, 2 rue de I'Observatoire, BP 89, F-33271 Floirac Cedex, France,CNRS, UMR 5804, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux, 2 rue de I'Observatoire, BP 89, F-33271 Floirac Cedex, France;

    Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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