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Oceanographic controls on the diversity and extinction of planktonic foraminifera

机译:海洋学对浮游有孔虫多样性和灭绝的控制

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摘要

Understanding the links between long-term biological evolution, the ocean-atmosphere system and plate tectonics is a central goal of Earth science. Although environmental perturbations of many different kinds are known to have affected long-term biological evolution, particularly during major mass extinction events, the relative importance of physical environmental factors versus biological interactions in governing rates of extinction and origination through geological time remains unknown2. Here we use macro-stratigraphic data from the Atlantic Ocean basin to show that changes in global species diversity and rates of extinction among planktonic foraminifera have been linked to tectonically and climatically forced changes in ocean circulation and chemistry from the Jurassic period to the present. Transient environmental perturbations, such as those that occurred after the asteroid impact at the end of the Cretaceous period1 approximately 66 million years ago, and the Eocene/Oligocene greenhouse-icehouse transition approximately 34 million years ago, are superimposed on this general long-term relationship. Rates of species origination, by contrast, are not correlated with corresponding macrostratigraphic quantities, indicating that physiochemical changes in the ocean-atmosphere system affect evolution principally by driving the synchronous extinction of lineages that originated owing to more protracted and complex interactions between biological and environmental factors.%化石记录并不是活生物生生死死的简单表现。生命过程与地球系统的过程之间存在相互作用,Shanan Peters等人在本文中介绍了板块构造和气候变化是怎样从侏罗纪开始在大西洋海盆中的浮游有孔虫的整个历史中共同驱动其灭绝的。重大危机事件,如白垩纪末期的物种大灭绝事件,留下了叠加在这一背景之上的一个印记。然而,这些因素并没有影响新有孔虫物种的起源。
机译:了解长期生物进化,海洋-大气系统和板块构造之间的联系是地球科学的中心目标。尽管已知许多不同类型的环境扰动影响了长期的生物进化,特别是在主要的物种大灭绝事件中,但物理环境因素与生物相互作用在决定地质时间的灭绝和起源速率方面的相对重要性仍然未知2。在这里,我们使用大西洋海盆的宏观地层数据显示,从侏罗纪到现在,全球物种多样性的变化和浮游有孔虫的灭绝速度与海洋环流和化学的构造和气候强迫变化有关。这种短暂的长期关系叠加了短暂的环境扰动,例如大约在6600万年前的白垩纪末期小行星撞击之后发生的扰动,以及大约3400万年前的始新世/渐新世温室-冰室过渡。 。相比之下,物种起源的速率与相应的宏观地层数量不相关,表明海洋-大气系统中的物理化学变化主要是通过驱动生物和环境因素之间更持久和复杂的相互作用而起源的世系同步灭绝而影响进化。 。%化石记录并非活生物生生死死的简单表现。生命过程与地球系统的过程之间存在相互作用,Shanan Peters等人在这里中介绍了板块构造和气候变化是怎样从侏罗纪开始在重大危机事件,如白垩纪末期的种类大灭绝事件,留下了重叠在这一背景之上的一个印记。然而,这些因素并没有影响新有孔虫物种的起源。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2013年第7432期|398-401qt3|共5页
  • 作者单位

    Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA;

    Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA;

    Department of Geoscience, University of Massachusetts-Amherst,Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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