Signalling pathways that initially orchestrate potent antiviral attacks can, paradoxically, also help to sustain chronic infections. Proteins called type Ⅰ interferons (IFN-Ⅰ) curb viral replication during early stages of infection, but are unable to clear chronic infections. To solve this longstanding puzzle, independent groups led by David Brooks at the University of California, Los Angeles, and Michael Oldstone at the Scripps Research Institute in La )olla, California, studied mice infected with strains of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus that cause chronic infection.
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