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The Norway spruce genome sequence and conifer genome evolution

机译：挪威云杉基因组序列和针叶树基因组进化

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摘要

Conifers have dominated forests for more than 200 million years and are of huge ecological and economic importance. Here we present the draft assembly of the 20-gigabase genome of Norway spruce (Picea abies), the first available for any gymnosperm. The number of well-supported genes (28,354) is similar to the >100 times smaller genome of Arabidopsis thaliana, and there is no evidence of a recent whole-genome duplication in the gymnosperm lineage. Instead, the large genome size seems to result from the slow and steady accumulation of a diverse set of long-terminal repeat transposable elements, possibly owing to the lack of an efficient elimination mechanism. Comparative sequencing of Pinus sylvestris, Abies sibirica, Juniperus communis, Taxus baccata and Gnetum gnemon reveals that the transposable element diversity is shared among extant conifers. Expression of 24 - nucleotide small RNAs, previously implicated in transposable element silencing, is tissue-specific and much lower than in other plants. We further identify numerous long (> 10,000 base pairs) introns, gene-like fragments, uncharacterized long non-coding RNAs and short RNAs. This opens up new genomic avenues for conifer forestry and breeding.
机译：针叶树在森林中占主导地位已有2亿多年，具有巨大的生态和经济意义。在这里，我们介绍了挪威云杉（Picea abies）的20千兆碱基基因组的装配草图，这是任何裸子植物中第一个可用的基因组。良好支持的基因数目（28,354）与拟南芥较小基因组的100倍以上相似，并且没有裸子植物谱系中最近的全基因组重复的证据。取而代之的是，大的基因组大小似乎是由于各种各样的长末端重复转座因子的缓慢而稳定的积累所致，可能是由于缺乏有效的消除机制所致。樟子松，西伯利亚冷杉，Jun柏，红豆杉和格涅特木的比较测序表明，转位元件多样性在现存的针叶树中共享。先前与转座因子沉默有关的24个核苷酸的小RNA的表达具有组织特异性，并且比其他植物低得多。我们进一步确定了许多长（> 10,000个碱基对）内含子，基因样片段，未鉴定的长非编码RNA和短RNA。这为针叶林和育种开辟了新的基因组学途径。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2013年第7451期|579-584|共6页
  • 作者

    Bjoern Nystedt; Nathaniel R.Street; Anna Wetterbom; Andrea Zuccolo; Yao-Cheng Lin;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Box 1031,17121 Solna, Sweden;

    Umea Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umea University, 901 87 Umea, Sweden;

    Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Box 1031,171 77 Stockholm, Sweden;

    lstituto di Genomica Applicata, Via J. Linussio 51,33100 Udine,Italy,Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy;

    Department of Plant Systems Biology (VIB) and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics (Gent University), Technologiepark 927,9052 Gent, Belgium;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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