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10.1038ature12385

机译:10.1038 /自然12385

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摘要

Solitons-solitary waves that maintain their shape as they propagate-occur as water waves in narrow canals, as light pulses in optical fibres and as quantum mechanical matter waves in superfluids and superconductors. Their highly nonlinear and localized nature makes them very sensitive probes of the medium in which they propagate. Here we create long-lived solitons in a strongly interacting superfluid of fermionic atoms and directly observe their motion. As the interactions are tuned from the regime of Bose-Einstein condensation of tightly bound molecules towards the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer limit of long-range Cooper pairs, the solitons' effective mass increases markedly, to more than 200 times their bare mass, signalling strong quantum fluctuations. This mass enhancement is more than 50 times larger than the theoretically predicted value. Our work provides a benchmark for theories of non-equilibrium dynamics of strongly interacting fermions.
机译:孤子孤子波在传播时保持其形状,它们发生在狭窄的运河中的水波,光纤中的光脉冲以及超流体和超导体中的量子力学物质波中。它们的高度非线性和局部性使其成为它们在其中传播的介质的非常敏感的探针。在这里,我们在强相互作用的铁离子原子的超流体中创建了长寿命的孤子,并直接观察它们的运动。由于相互作用是从紧密结合的分子的Bose-Einstein凝聚态向远程Cooper对的Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer极限调节的,因此孤子的有效质量显着增加,达到其裸质量的200倍以上,表明强烈的量子波动。这种质量增强比理论预测值大50倍以上。我们的工作为强相互作用的费米子的非平衡动力学理论提供了基准。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2013年第7459期|426-430|共5页
  • 作者单位

    MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;

    MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;

    MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;

    MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;

    MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;

    MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;

    MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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