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Peter Huttenlocher

机译：彼得·赫滕洛彻

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摘要

Peter Richard Huttenlocher, a wonderfully kind and quietly driven neurologist, showed that billions of synapses -the connections between brain cells that mediate learning and memory - are generated in the human cerebral cortex during the first months of life. He also made the more surprising discovery that many of these synapses are eliminated during subsequent years, just when children achieve the most important developmental milestones, such as walking and speaking. This idea - that the elimination, or pruning', of synapses is as much a part of learning as their formation - has come to influence fields as diverse as developmental neuroscience, child development, early education and native language learning. Huttenlocher, who died of pneumonia on 15 August after a long struggle with Parkinsons disease, was born in Oberlahnstein bei Koblenz, Germany, in 1931. His mother, an opera singer, refused to join the Nazi party and fled to the United States in 1937, leaving the young Peter and his brothers to be raised by their father, a chemist. Huttenlocher's experiences as a child witness of Nazism during the Second World War, and of the starvation and suffering of German survivors in the Russian and French zones in post-war Germany, contributed to his lifelong interest in ethics, morals and human behaviour. In 1949, aged 18, he travelled to the United States with his older brother Dieter to visit his mother, and decided to stay. Soon after Peter arrived, he attended the University of Buffalo in New York where he met his future wife, Janellen Burns, who would go on to become a successful cognitive psychologist.
机译：彼得·理查德·赫滕洛赫（Peter Richard Huttenlocher）是一位善良而安静的神经病学家，他指出，生命的头几个月，数十亿个突触（介导学习和记忆的脑细胞之间的连接）在人的大脑皮层中产生。他还做出了更加令人惊讶的发现，即在儿童达到最重要的发展里程碑（例如走路和说话）时，这些突触在随后的几年中被消除了。这种想法-消除或修剪'突触是其形成过程中的一部分学习-已经影响到发展神经科学，儿童发展，早期教育和母语学习等各个领域。 Huttenlocher因与帕金森病长期斗争而于8月15日因肺炎去世，他于1931年出生于德国科布伦茨州的上拉恩施泰因。他的母亲（歌剧歌手）拒绝参加纳粹党并于1937年逃往美国，让年轻的彼得和他的兄弟们由化学家的父亲抚养长大。赫滕洛赫（Huttenlocher）在第二次世界大战期间曾是纳粹主义的儿童见证者，以及战后德国在俄罗斯和法国地区的德国幸存者的饥饿和苦难经历，这使他一生对伦理，道德和人类行为产生了兴趣。 1949年，他18岁，与哥哥迪特（Dieter）一起前往美国探望母亲，并决定留下来。彼得到达后不久，他就读于纽约布法罗大学，在那里遇到了他未来的妻子珍妮琳·伯恩斯（Janetllen Burns），后者后来成为一名成功的认知心理学家。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2013年第7470期|172-172|共1页
  • 作者

    Christopher A. Walsh;

  • 作者单位

    Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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