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首页> 外文期刊>Nature >A Silurian placoderm with osteichthyan-like marginal jaw bones
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A Silurian placoderm with osteichthyan-like marginal jaw bones

机译：Silurian placoderm，具有像osteichthyan一样的边缘颚骨

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摘要

The gnathostome (jawed vertebrate) crown group comprises two extant clades with contrasting character complements. Notably, Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish) lack the large dermal bones that characterize Osteichthyes (bony fish and tetrapods). The polarities of these differences, and the morphology of the last common ancestor of crown gnathostomes, are the subject of continuing debate. Here we describe a three- dimensionally preserved 419 - million -year- old placoderm fish from the Silurian of China that represents the first stem gnathostome with dermal marginal jaw bones (premaxilla, maxilla and dentary), features previously restricted to Osteichthyes. A phylogenetic analysis places the new form near the top of the gnathostome stem group but does not fully resolve its relationships to other placoderms. The analysis also assigns all acanthodians to the chondrichthyan stem group. These results suggest that the last common ancestor of Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes had a macromeric dermal skeleton, and provide a new framework for studying crown gnathostome divergence.%颌的形成是脊椎动物演化中的一个关键事件，但有颌和无颌脊椎动物之间的形态差异是如此之大，以至于难以识别在这一转变过程中所涉及的具体步骤。化石记录可以提供帮助。朱敏(音译）及同事阐述了接近这一过程最后的一个步骤，在该步骤中，现代有颌脊椎动物如鲨鱼和硬骨鱼从一组被称为"盾皮鱼"的有颌、有盾皮的鱼形成。大多数"盾皮鱼"的颌都很不像现代有颌脊椎动物的颌。之后出现了“全颌鱼"（Entelognathus）,它是一种"盾皮鱼"，全身有盾皮，但颌骨与现代硬骨鱼的颌骨相似：这是迄今我们可以辨别出一张脸的最为原始的已知动物。
机译：gnathostome（下颌脊椎动物）冠群包括两个现存的进化枝，具有互补的性格互补。值得注意的是，软骨鱼（软骨鱼）缺少大骨鱼（骨鱼和四足动物）的大皮骨头。这些差异的极性，以及牙冠畸形的最后一个共同祖先的形态，一直是争论的主题。在这里，我们描述了一个来自中国志留纪的3维保存的419百万年龄的斑纹鱼类，它代表了第一个具有真皮边缘颚骨（前颌骨，上颌骨和齿系）的成年虱子茎，以前仅限于Osteichthyes。系统发育分析将新形式放置在gnathostome茎组的顶部附近，但并未完全解决其与其他编轴蛋白的关系。该分析还将所有棘皮动物归为软骨鱼类茎群。这些结果表明，软骨鱼类和软骨鱼类的最后一个祖先具有大分子的真皮骨架，并为研究冠状牙合宿主差异提供了新的框架。动物之间的形态差异程度之大，以至于难以识别在这一转变过程中所涉及的具体步骤。化石记录可以提供帮助。朱敏（音译）及同事解决了接近这一过程最后的一个步骤，在该步骤中，现代有颌骨骨折如鲨鱼和硬骨鱼从被称为“盾皮鱼”的有颚，有盾皮的鱼形成。大多数“盾皮鱼”的颚都很不像之后出现了“全颚鱼”（Entelognathus），它是一种“盾皮鱼”，全身有盾皮，但颚骨与现代硬骨鱼的颚骨相似：这是康复今我们可以辨别出一张脸的最原始的已知动物。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2013年第7470期|188-193b1|共7页
  • 作者

    Min Zhu; Xiaobo Yu; Per Erik Ahlberg; Brian Choo; Jing Lu; Tuo Qiao; Qingming Qu; Wenjin Zhao; Liantao Jia; Henning Blom; Youan Zhu;

  • 作者单位

    Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Ahinese of Sciences,Beijing 100044, China;

    Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Ahinese of Sciences,Beijing 100044, China,Department of Biological Sciences, Kean University, Union, New Jersey 07083, USA;

    Subdepartment of Evolution and Development, Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 36, Sweden;

    Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Ahinese of Sciences,Beijing 100044, China;

    Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Ahinese of Sciences,Beijing 100044, China;

    Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Ahinese of Sciences,Beijing 100044, China;

    Subdepartment of Evolution and Development, Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 36, Sweden;

    Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Ahinese of Sciences,Beijing 100044, China;

    Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Ahinese of Sciences,Beijing 100044, China;

    Subdepartment of Evolution and Development, Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala 752 36, Sweden;

    Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Ahinese of Sciences,Beijing 100044, China;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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