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Structural change in molten basalt at deep mantle conditions

机译：深地幔条件下熔融玄武岩的结构变化

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摘要

Silicate liquids play a key part at all stages of deep Earth evolution, ranging from core and crust formation billions of years ago to present-day volcanic activity. Quantitative models of these processes require knowledge of the structural changes and compression mechanisms that take place in liquid silicates at the high pressures and temperatures in the Earth's interior. However, obtaining such knowledge has long been impeded by the challenging nature of the experiments. In recent years, structural and density information for silica glass was obtained at record pressures of up to 100GPa(ref. 1), a major step towards obtaining data on the molten state. Here we report the structure of molten basalt up to 60 GPa by means of in situ X-ray diffraction. The coordination of silicon increases from four under ambient conditions to six at 35 GPa, similar to what has been reported in silica glass. The compressibility of the melt after the completion of the coordination change is lower than at lower pressure, implying that only a high-order equation of state can accurately describe the density evolution of silicate melts over the pressure range of the whole mantle. The transition pressure coincides with a marked change in the pressure-evolution of nickel partitioning between molten iron and molten silicates, indicating that melt compressibility controls siderophile-element partitioning.
机译：硅酸盐液体在地球深层演化的各个阶段都发挥着关键作用，从数十亿年前的岩心和地壳形成到当今的火山活动。这些过程的定量模型需要了解在地球内部高压和高温下液态硅酸盐中发生的结构变化和压缩机理。然而，长期以来，具有挑战性的实验阻碍了获得此类知识。近年来，在高达100GPa的压力下获得了石英玻璃的结构和密度信息（参考文献1），这是迈向获取熔融状态数据的重要一步。在这里，我们通过原位X射线衍射报告了高达60 GPa的熔融玄武岩的结构。硅的配位从环境条件下的四点增加到35 GPa时的六点，与硅玻璃中报道的相似。配位变化完成后，熔体的可压缩性低于低压下的可压缩性，这意味着只有一个高阶状态方程才能准确描述硅酸盐熔体在整个地幔压力范围内的密度演化。转变压力与铁水和熔融硅酸盐之间镍分配的压力变化的显着变化相吻合，表明熔体可压缩性控制着嗜铁元素的分配。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2013年第7474期|104-107|共4页
  • 作者

    Chrystele Sanloup; James W. E. Drewitt; Zuzana Konopkova; Philip Dalladay-Simpson; Donna M. Morton; Nachiketa Rai; Wim van Westrenen; Wolfgang Morgenroth;

  • 作者单位

    Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, UK,Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR-CNRS 7193, Institutdes Sciences de la Terre Paris, F-75005 Paris, France;

    Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, UK;

    DESY Photon Science, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany;

    Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, UK;

    Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, UK;

    Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, UK;

    Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universitat Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands;

    DESY Photon Science, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany,lnstitut fuer Geowissenschaften, Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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