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Global carbon dioxide emissions from inland waters

机译：内陆水域的全球二氧化碳排放量

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摘要

最近几十年人们越来越认识到，内陆水体会将数量相当大的CO_2释放到大气中。此前一直难以对全球范围内有多少碳以这种方式被转移做出估计。这项研究将新数据集与系统方法相结合来探讨这一问题，并且估计溪流、江河、湖泊和水库的全球碳排放速度为大约每年2拍克(1拍克=10~(15)克）。由于考虑到7溪流和江河所做贡献，这个数字高于以前的数字。这项新的分析工作还识别出了溪流和江河侵蚀的全球热点：CO_2通量的大约70%发生在仅20%的陆地表面。%Carbon dioxide (CO_2) transfer from inland waters to the atmosphere, known as CO_2 evasion, is a component of the global carbon cycle. Global estimates of CO_2 evasion have been hampered, however, by the lack of a framework for estimating the inland water surface area and gas transfer velocity and by the absence of a global CO_2 database. Here we report regional variations in global inland water surface area, dissolved CO_2 and gas transfer velocity. We obtain global CO_2 evasion rates of 1.8~(+0.25)_(-0.25) petagrams of carbon (PgC) per year from streams and rivers and 0.32 ~(+0.52)_(-0.26) PgCyr~(-1) from lakes and reservoirs, where the upper and lower limits are respectively the 5th and 95th confidence interval percentiles. The resulting global evasion rate of 2.1PgCyr~(-1) is higher than previous estimates owing to a larger stream and river evasion rate. Our analysis predicts global hotspots in stream and river evasion, with about 70 per cent of the flux occurring over just 20 per cent of the land surface. The source of inland water CO_2 is still not known with certainty and new studies are needed to research the mechanisms controlling CO_2 evasion globally.
机译：最近几十年人们越来越认识到，内陆水体会将数量相当大的CO_2释放到大气中。此前一直难以对全球范围内有多少碳以这种方式被转移做出估计。这项研究将新数据集与系统方法相结合来探讨这一问题，并且估计溪流、江河、湖泊和水库的全球碳排放速度为大约每年2拍克(1拍克=10~(15)克）。由于考虑到7溪流和江河所做贡献，这个数字高于以前的数字。这项新的分析工作还识别出了溪流和江河侵蚀的全球热点：CO_2通量的大约70%发生在仅20%的陆地表面。%Carbon dioxide (CO_2) transfer from inland waters to the atmosphere, known as CO_2 evasion, is a component of the global carbon cycle. Global estimates of CO_2 evasion have been hampered, however, by the lack of a framework for estimating the inland water surface area and gas transfer velocity and by the absence of a global CO_2 database. Here we report regional variations in global inland water surface area, dissolved CO_2 and gas transfer velocity. We obtain global CO_2 evasion rates of 1.8~(+0.25)_(-0.25) petagrams of carbon (PgC) per year from streams and rivers and 0.32 ~(+0.52)_(-0.26) PgCyr~(-1) from lakes and reservoirs, where the upper and lower limits are respectively the 5th and 95th confidence interval percentiles. The resulting global evasion rate of 2.1PgCyr~(-1) is higher than previous estimates owing to a larger stream and river evasion rate. Our analysis predicts global hotspots in stream and river evasion, with about 70 per cent of the flux occurring over just 20 per cent of the land surface. The source of inland water CO_2 is still not known with certainty and new studies are needed to research the mechanisms controlling CO_2 evasion globally.

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2013年第7476期|355-359a3|共6页
  • 作者

    Peter A. Raymond; Jens Hartmann; Ronny Lauerwald; Sebastian Sobek; Cory McDonald; Mark Hoover; David Butman; Robert Striegl; Emilio Mayorga; Christoph Humborg; Pirkko Kortelainen; Hans Duerr; Michel Meybeck11; Philippe Ciais; Peter Guth;

  • 作者单位

    Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, 195 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA;

    Institute for Geology, KlimaCampus, Universitaet Hamburg, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany;

    Institute for Geology, KlimaCampus, Universitaet Hamburg, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany,Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium;

    Department of Ecology and Genetics. Limnology, Uppsala University, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden;

    Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, Wisconsin 53716, USA;

    Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, 195 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA;

    Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, 195 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA,US Geological Survey, National Research Program, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA;

    US Geological Survey, National Research Program, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA;

    Applied Physics Lab, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA;

    Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden;

    Finnish Environment Institute, PO Box 140, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland;

    Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada;

    Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI), Unite Mixte de Recherche CNRS-UPMC Sisyphe, F-75252 Paris 05, France;

    LSCE IPSL, UMR8212, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;

    Department of Oceanography, US Naval Academy, 572C Holloway Road, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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