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Changing Arctic Ocean freshwater pathways

机译：改变北冰洋淡水路径

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摘要

Freshening in the Canada basin of the Arctic Ocean began in the 1990s1'2 and continued3 to at least the end of 2008. By then, the Arctic Ocean might have gained four times as much fresh water as comprised the Great Salinity Anomaly4>5of the 1970s, raising the spectre of slowing global ocean circulation6. Freshening has been attributed to increased sea ice melting1 and contributions from runoff, but a leading explanation has been a strengthening of the Beaufort High-a characteristic peak in sea level atmospheric pressure2'8-which tends to accelerate an anticyclonic (clockwise) wind pattern causing convergence of fresh surface water. Limited observations have made this explanation difficult to verify, and observations of increasing freshwater content under a weakened Beaufort High suggest that other factors2 must be affecting freshwater content. Here we use observations to show that during a time of record reductions in ice extent from 2005 to 2008, the dominant freshwater content changes were an increase in the Canada basin balanced by a decrease in the Eurasian basin. Observations are drawn from satellite data (sea surface height and ocean-bottom pressure) and in situ data. The freshwater changes were due to a cyclonic (anticlockwise) shift in the ocean pathway of Eurasian runoff forced by strengthening of the west-to-east Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation characterized by an increased Arctic Oscillation9 index. Our results confirm that runoff is an important influence on the Arctic Ocean and establish that the spatial and temporal manifestations of the runoff pathways are modulated by the Arctic Oscillation, rather than the strength of the wind-driven Beaufort Gyre circulation.
机译：北冰洋加拿大盆地的淡化始于1990年代1'2，至少持续到2008年底3。到那时，北冰洋获得的淡水可能是1970年代大盐度异常4> 5的四倍。 ，加剧了全球海洋环流放缓的忧虑6。清新归因于海冰融化的增加1和径流的贡献，但最主要的解释是波弗特高强度的增强（海平面大气压的特征峰2'8），它倾向于加速反气旋（顺时针）风速汇聚新鲜的地表水。有限的观测值使这种解释难以证实，并且在减弱的Beaufort High条件下增加的淡水含量的观测结果表明，其他因素2也必须影响淡水含量。在这里，我们使用观察结果表明，在2005年至2008年冰面积减少的记录期间，主要的淡水变化是加拿大流域的增加与欧亚流域的减少之间的平衡。观测数据来自卫星数据（海面高度和海底压力）和原位数据。淡水的变化是由于欧亚径流海洋路径的旋风（逆时针）移动，这是由于北半球由西向东的大气环流增强，其特征是北极涛动指数增加。我们的结果证实了径流对北冰洋的重要影响，并确定了径流路径的时空表现是受北极涛动调节的，而不是风驱动的博福特涡流的强度调节的。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2012年第7379期|p.66-70|共5页
  • 作者

    James Morison; Ron Kwok; Cecilia Peralta-Ferriz; Matt Alkire; Ignatius Rigor; Roger Andersen; Mike Steele;

  • 作者单位

    Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, 1013 Northeast 40th Street, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA;

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology,4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA;

    Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, 1013 Northeast 40th Street, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA;

    Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, 1013 Northeast 40th Street, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA;

    Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, 1013 Northeast 40th Street, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA;

    Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, 1013 Northeast 40th Street, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA;

    Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, 1013 Northeast 40th Street, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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