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Endospore abundance, microbial growth and necromass turnover in deep sub-seafloor sediment

机译：深层海底沉积物的内生孢子丰度，微生物生长和坏死转换

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摘要

Two decades of scientific ocean drilling have demonstrated widespread microbial life in deep sub-seafloor sediment, and surprisingly high microbial-cell numbers. Despite the ubiquity of life in the deep biosphere, the large community sizes and the low energy fluxes in this vast buried ecosystem are not yet understood. It is not known whether organisms of the deep biosphere are specifically adapted to extremely low energy fluxes or whether most of the observed cells are in a dormant, spore-like state. Here we apply a new approach-the D:L-amino-acid model-to quantify the distributions and turnover times of living microbial biomass, endospores and microbial necromass, as well as to determine their role in the sub-seafloor carbon budget. The approach combines sensitive analyses of unique bacterial markers (muramic acid and D-amino acids) and the bacterial endospore marker, dipicolinic acid, with racemization dynamics of stereo-isomeric amino acids. Endospores are as abundant as vegetative cells and microbial activity is extremely low, leading to microbial biomass turnover times of hundreds to thousands of years. We infer from model calculations that biomass production is sustained by organic carbon deposited from the surface photo-synthetic world millions of years ago and that microbial necromass is recycled over timescales of hundreds of thousands of years.
机译：二十年的科学海洋钻探表明，深海海底沉积物具有广泛的微生物生命，并且微生物细胞数量惊人地高。尽管在深层生物圈中存在着无处不在的生命，但在这个广阔的埋藏式生态系统中，大型的社区规模和低的能量通量尚未得到了解。尚不清楚深层生物圈的生物是否专门适应了极低的能量通量，或者大多数观察到的细胞是否处于休眠的，孢子状状态。在这里，我们采用一种新的方法-D：L-氨基酸模型-来量化生活中的微生物生物量，内生孢子和微生物坏死体的分布和周转时间，并确定它们在海底碳预算中的作用。该方法结合了对独特细菌标记物（村酸和D-氨基酸）和细菌内生孢子标记物二吡啶甲酸的灵敏分析，以及立体异构氨基酸的消旋动力学。内生孢子与营养细胞一样丰富，微生物活性极低，导致微生物生物质周转时间长达数百至数千年。从模型计算中我们可以推断出，生物质的生产是由数百万年前从表面光合世界沉积的有机碳维持的，而微生物坏死在数十万年的时间范围内都得到了回收。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2012年第7392期|p.101-104|共4页
  • 作者

    Bente Aa. Lomstein; Alice T. Langerhuus; Steven DHondt; Bo B. Jorgensen; Arthur J. Spivack;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Bioscience, Section for Microbiology, Aarhus University, Building 1540, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;

    Department of Bioscience, Section for Microbiology, Aarhus University, Building 1540, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;

    Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island,100A, Horn Building, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA;

    Center for Geomicrobiology, Departmentof Bioscience, Aarhus University, Building 1535, Ny Munkegade 114, DK-8000 AarhusC, Denmark;

    Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island,100A, Horn Building, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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