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Ecological opportunity and sexual selection together predict adaptive radiation

机译：生态机会和性选择共同预测适应性辐射

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A fundamental challenge to our understanding of biodiversity is to explain why some groups of species undergo adaptive radiations, diversifying extensively into many and varied species, whereas others do not~(1,2). Both extrinsic environmental factors (for example, resource availability, climate) and intrinsic lineage-specific traits (for example, behavioural or morphological traits, genetic architecture) influence diversification, but few studies have addressed how such factors interact. Radiations of cichlid fishes in the African Great Lakes provide some of the most dramatic cases of species diversification. However, most cichlid lineages in African lakes have not undergone adaptive radiations. Here we compile data on cichlid colonization and diversification in 46 African lakes, along with lake environmental features and information about the traits of colonizing cichlid lineages, to investigate why adaptive radiation does and does not occur. We find that extrinsic environmental factors related to ecological opportunity and intrinsic lineage-specific traits related to sexual selection both strongly influence whether cichlids radiate. Cichlids are more likely to radiate in deep lakes, in regions with more incident solar radiation and in lakes where there has been more time for diversification. Weak or negative associations between diversification and lake surface area indicate that cichlid speciation is not constrained by area, in contrast to diversification in many terrestrial taxa~3. Among the suite of intrinsic traits that we investigate, sexual dichromat-ism, a surrogate for the intensity of sexual selection, is consistently positively associated with diversification. Thus, for cichlids, it is the coincidence between ecological opportunity and sexual selection that best predicts whether adaptive radiation will occur. These findings suggest that adaptive radiation is predictable, but only when species traits and environmental factors are jointly considered.
机译：对我们对生物多样性的理解的一个根本挑战是解释为什么某些物种会经历适应性辐射，从而广泛地分化成许多不同的物种，而另一些则没有（1,2）。外在环境因素（例如资源可用性，气候）和内在特定于世系的特征（例如行为或形态特征，遗传结构）都会影响多样化，但是很少有研究探讨这些因素如何相互作用。非洲五大湖中丽鱼科鱼类的辐射提供了一些最生动的物种多样化案例。但是，非洲湖泊中的大多数丽鱼科动物世系都没有经历过适应性辐射。在这里，我们收集了46个非洲湖泊中丽鱼科鱼定居和多样化的数据，以及湖泊的环境特征和有关丽鱼科鱼的定居特征的信息，以调查为什么会发生和不发生适应性辐射。我们发现与生态机会有关的外部环境因素和与性选择有关的内在谱系特质都强烈影响丽鱼科动物是否辐射。丽鱼科鱼更可能在深湖，太阳辐射多的地区以及有更多时间进行多样化的湖中辐射。多样性与湖泊表面积之间的弱关联或负关联表明，与许多陆地生物分类〜3中的多样化相比，丽鱼科物种的形成不受面积的限制。在我们研究的一系列内在特征中，性重色主义是性选择强度的替代指标，一直与多元化呈正相关。因此，对于丽鱼科鱼来说，正是生态机会和性选择之间的巧合可以最好地预测是否会发生适应性辐射。这些发现表明，只有在共同考虑物种特征和环境因素时，适应性辐射才是可预测的。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2012年第7407期|p.366-369|共4页
  • 作者

    Catherine E. Wagner; Luke J. Harmon; Ole Seehausen;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Fish Ecology & Evolution, EAWAG Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland,Department of Aquatic Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution,University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6,3012 Bern, Switzerland,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA,Fuller Evolutionary Biology Program,Cornell University Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA;

    Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, USA;

    Department of Fish Ecology & Evolution, EAWAG Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, 6047 Kastanienbaum, Switzerland,Department of Aquatic Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution,University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6,3012 Bern, Switzerland;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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