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Persistent near-tropical warmth on the Antarctic continent during the early Eocene epoch

机译：始新世早期南极大陆持续的近热带温暖

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摘要

The warmest global climates of the past 65 million years occurred during the early Eocene epoch (about 55 to 48 million years ago), when the Equator-to-pole temperature gradients were much smaller than today and atmospheric carbon dioxide levels were in excess of one thousand parts per million by volume. Recently the early Eocene has received considerable interest because it may provide insight into the response of Earth's climate and biosphere to the high atmospheric carbon dioxide levels that are expected in the near future as a consequence of unabated anthropogenic carbon emissions. Climatic conditions of the early Eocene 'greenhouse world', however, are poorly constrained in critical regions, particularly Antarctica. Here we present a well-dated record of early Eocene climate on Antarctica from an ocean sediment core recovered off the Wilkes Land coast of East Antarctica. The information from biotic climate proxies (pollen and spores) and independent organic geochemical climate proxies (indices based on branched tetraether lipids) yields quantitative, seasonal temperature reconstructions for the early Eocene greenhouse world on Antarctica. We show that the climate in lowland settings along the Wilkes Land coast (at a palaeolatitude of about 70° south) supported the growth of highly diverse, near-tropical forests' characterized by mesothermal to megathermal floral elements including palms and Bombacoideae. Notably, winters were extremely mild (warmer than 10 ℃) and essentially frost-free despite polar darkness, which provides a critical new constraint for the validation of climate models and for understanding the response of high-latitude terrestrial ecosystems to increased carbon dioxide forcing.
机译：过去6500万年的全球最温暖的气候发生在始新世初期（大约55至4800万年前），当时赤道到极点的温度梯度比今天小得多，并且大气中的二氧化碳水平超过1按体积计百万分之千。最近，始新世引起了极大的兴趣，因为它可能提供对地球气候和生物圈对由于人为碳排放不减而在不久的将来预期的高大气二氧化碳水平的响应的见解。然而，在关键地区，特别是南极洲，始新世早期“温室世界”的气候条件受到的限制很有限。在这里，我们从南极东部威尔克斯陆地沿岸发现的海洋沉积物芯中，提供了南极早始新世气候的良好记录。来自生物气候代理（花粉和孢子）和独立的有机地球化学气候代理（基于支化四醚脂质的指数）的信息可为南极洲始新世初期的温室世界提供定量的季节性温度重构。我们显示，威尔克斯土地海岸（南纬约70度）沿低地环境的气候支持了高度多样化的近热带森林的生长，这些森林的特征是中热到超热花卉元素，包括棕榈和孟买科。值得注意的是，尽管极地黑暗，但冬季极为温和（10摄氏度以上），并且基本上无霜，这为验证气候模型和理解高纬度陆地生态系统对二氧化碳强迫增加的响应提供了关键的新约束。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2012年第7409期|p.73-77|共5页
  • 作者

    Joerg Pross; Lineth Contreras; Peter K. Bijl; David R. Greenwood; Steven M. Bohaty; Stefan Schouten; James A. Bendle; Ursula Roehl; Lisa Tauxe; J. Ian Raine; Claire E. Huck; Tina van de Flierdt; Stewart S. R. Jamieson; Catherine E. Stickley; Bas van de Schootbrugge; Carlota Escutia; Hen k Brinkhuis;

  • 作者单位

    Paleoenvironmental DynamicsGroup, Institute of Geosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Altenhoeferallee 1,60438 Frankfurt, Germany,Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25,60325 Frankfurt, Germany;

    Paleoenvironmental DynamicsGroup, Institute of Geosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Altenhoeferallee 1,60438 Frankfurt, Germany;

    Biomarine Sciences, Institute of Environmental Biology, Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4,3584 CD Utrecht, The Netherlands;

    Biology Department, Brandon University, 270 18th Street, Brandon, Manitoba R7A 6A9, Canada;

    Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK;

    Department of Marine Organic Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute of Sea Research, Post Office 59,1790 AB Den Burg (Texel), The Netherlands;

    Glasgow Molecular Organic Geochemistry Laboratory, School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK;

    MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse, 28359 Bremen, Germany;

    Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA;

    Paleoenvironmental DynamicsGroup, Institute of Geosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Altenhoeferallee 1,60438 Frankfurt, Germany;

    Paleoenvironmental DynamicsGroup, Institute of Geosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Altenhoeferallee 1,60438 Frankfurt, Germany;

    Paleoenvironmental DynamicsGroup, Institute of Geosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Altenhoeferallee 1,60438 Frankfurt, Germany;

    Paleoenvironmental DynamicsGroup, Institute of Geosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Altenhoeferallee 1,60438 Frankfurt, Germany;

    Paleoenvironmental DynamicsGroup, Institute of Geosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Altenhoeferallee 1,60438 Frankfurt, Germany;

    Paleoenvironmental DynamicsGroup, Institute of Geosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Altenhoeferallee 1,60438 Frankfurt, Germany;

    Paleoenvironmental DynamicsGroup, Institute of Geosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Altenhoeferallee 1,60438 Frankfurt, Germany;

    Biomarine Sciences, Institute of Environmental Biology, Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4,3584 CD Utrecht, The Netherlands;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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