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Quantum nonlinear optics with single photons enabled by strongly interacting atoms

机译:具有强相互作用原子的单光子量子非线性光学

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摘要

The realization of strong nonlinear interactions between individual light quanta (photons) is a long-standing goal in optical science and engineering, being of both fundamental and technological significance. In conventional optical materials, the nonlinearity at light powers corresponding to single photons is negligibly weak. Here we demonstrate a medium that is nonlinear at the level of individual quanta, exhibiting strong absorption of photon pairs while remaining transparent to single photons. The quantum nonlinearity is obtained by coherently coupling slowly propagating photons to strongly interacting atomic Rydberg states in a cold, dense atomic gas. Our approach paves the way for quantum-by-quantum control of light fields, including single-photon switching, all-optical deterministic quantum logic and the realization of strongly correlated many-body states of light.%在传统光学材料中,单光子之间的非线性相互作用弱到可以被忽略。这篇论文发现,一种冷而致密的原子气在单量子层面上可以是非线性的,表现出强的“光子对”吸收,而对单光子仍保持透明(即可被穿透)。该方法开启了按单量子来控制光场、包括单光子开关及确定性(determitlistic)量子逻辑的可能性。本文作者提出,该方法也有可能被延伸到其他材料体系,后者在它们可被耦合到光的各组分之间有强相互作用。
机译:在单个光量子(光子)之间实现强非线性相互作用是光学科学和工程学的长期目标,具有基础和技术意义。在常规的光学材料中,对应于单个光子的光功率的非线性微弱到可以忽略不计。在这里,我们展示了一种在单个量子水平上为非线性的介质,该介质展现出对光子对的强吸收性,而对单个光子仍然透明。量子非线性是通过将缓慢传播的光子与冷的密集原子气体中的强相互作用原子里德堡态相干耦合而获得的。我们的方法为光场的逐量子控制(包括单光子转换,全光学确定性量子逻辑以及强相关的多体光状态的实现)铺平了道路。%在传统光学材料中,单光子在这篇论文发现,一种冷而致密的原子气在单量子尺度上可以是非线性的,表现出强的“光子对”吸收,而对单光子该方法开启了按单量子来控制光场,包括单光子开关及确定性(确定性)量子逻辑的可能性。本文作者提出,该方法也有可能被延伸到其他材料体系,本身在它们可被取代到光的各组分之间有强相互作用。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2012年第7409期|p.57-60A2|共5页
  • 作者单位

    Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;

    Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA,Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA;

    Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;

    Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA,Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA;

    Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA;

    Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nothnitzer Strasse 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany;

    Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA;

    Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;

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