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Potential methane reservoirs beneath Antarctica

机译：南极洲潜在的甲烷气藏

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摘要

Once thought to be devoid of life, the ice-covered parts of Antarctica are now known to be a reservoir of metabolically active microbial cells and organic carbon1. The potential for methanogenic archaea to support the degradation of organic carbon to methane beneath the ice, however, has not yet been evaluated. Large sedimentary basins containing marine sequences up to 14 kilometres thick2 and an estimated 21,000 petagrams (1 Pg equals 10~(15)g) of organic carbon are buried beneath the Antarctic Ice Sheet. No data exist for rates of methanogenesis in sub-Antarctic marine sediments. Here we present experimental data from other subglacial environments that demonstrate the potential for overridden organic matter beneath glacial systems to produce methane. We also numerically simulate the accumulation of methane in Antarctic sedimentary basins using an established one-dimensional hydrate model3 and show that pressure/temperature conditions favour methane hydrate formation down to sediment depths of about 300 metres in West Antarctica and 700 metres in East Antarctica. Our results demonstrate the potential for methane hydrate accumulation in Antarctic sedimentary basins, where the total inventory depends on rates of organic carbon degradation and conditions at the ice-sheet bed. We calculate that the sub-Antarctic hydrate inventory could be of the same order of magnitude as that of recent estimates made for Arctic permafrost. Our findings suggest that the Antarctic Ice Sheet may be a neglected but important component of the global methane budget, with the potential to act as a positive feedback on climate warming during ice-sheet wastage.
机译：曾经被认为没有生命的南极洲被冰覆盖的部分现在被认为是代谢活跃的微生物细胞和有机碳的储藏库。产甲烷的古细菌支持冰下有机碳降解为甲烷的潜力尚未得到评估。在南极冰盖下埋藏着大型海洋盆地，其沉积层厚达14公里2，估计有21,000皮​​克（1 Pg等于10〜（15）g）有机碳。没有关于南极海底沉积物中甲烷生成速率的数据。在这里，我们提供了来自其他冰下环境的实验数据，这些数据证明了冰川系统下被覆盖的有机物产生甲烷的潜力。我们还使用已建立的一维水合物模型对南极沉积盆地中甲烷的聚集进行了数值模拟3，并表明压力/温度条件有利于甲烷水合物的形成，直到南极西部的沉积物深度约为300米，南极东部的沉积物深度约为700米。我们的结果证明了南极沉积盆地中甲烷水合物的蓄积潜力，那里的总存量取决于有机碳的降解速率和冰盖床的状况。我们计算出，南极次水合物存量可能与最近对北极多年冻土的估计数量级相同。我们的发现表明，南极冰盖可能是全球甲烷预算中被忽略但重要的组成部分，有可能在冰盖损耗期间对气候变暖起到积极的反馈作用。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2012年第7413期|p.633-637|共5页
  • 作者

    J. L. Wadham; S. Arndt; S. Tulaczyk; M. Stibal; M. Tranter; J. Telling; G. P. Lis; E. Lawson; A. Ridgwell; A. Dubnick; M. J. Sharp; A. M. Anesio; C. E. H. Butler;

  • 作者单位

    School of Geographical Sciences,University of Bristol,Bristol BS8 1SS,UK;

    School of Geographical Sciences,University of Bristol,Bristol BS8 1SS,UK,Department of Earth Sciences - Geochemistry,Utrecht University,3508 Utrecht,The Netherlands;

    Earth and Planetary Sciences Department,University of California,Santa Cruz,California 95064,USA;

    School of Geographical Sciences,University of Bristol,Bristol BS8 1SS,UK;

    School of Geographical Sciences,University of Bristol,Bristol BS8 1SS,UK;

    School of Geographical Sciences,University of Bristol,Bristol BS8 1SS,UK;

    School of Geographical Sciences,University of Bristol,Bristol BS8 1SS,UK;

    School of Geographical Sciences,University of Bristol,Bristol BS8 1SS,UK;

    School of Geographical Sciences,University of Bristol,Bristol BS8 1SS,UK;

    Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences,University of Alberta,Edmonton T6G 2E3,Canada;

    Earth and Planetary Sciences Department,University of California,Santa Cruz,California 95064,USA;

    School of Geographical Sciences,University of Bristol,Bristol BS8 1SS,UK;

    School of Geographical Sciences,University of Bristol,Bristol BS8 1SS,UK;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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