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'Melt welt' mechanism of extreme weakening of gabbro at seismic slip rates

机译：地震滑动速率下辉长岩极端弱化的“熔体熔体”机制

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摘要

Kevin Brown和Yuri Fialko发表了关于岩石在接rn近地震速度范围的滑动速度下的摩擦性质的一rn项实验室研究。他们发现，地震断裂过程中一rn个断层表面最初的变弱，也许与部分加载滑动rn界面其余部分的热点和宏观熔化带(熔化条)的rn形成有关。%Laboratory studies of frictional properties of rocks at slip velocities approaching the seismic range (~0.1-l ms~(-1)), and at moderate normal stresses (1-10 MPa), have revealed a complex evolution of the dynamic shear strength, with at least two phases of weakening separated by strengthening at the onset of wholesale melting. The second post-melting weakening phase is governed by viscous properties of the melt layer and is reasonably well understood5'6. The initial phase of extreme weakening, however, remains a subject of much debate. Here we show that the initial weakening of gabbro is associated with the formation of hotspots and macroscopic streaks of melt ('melt welts'), which partially unload the rest of the slip interface. Melt welts begin to form when the average rate of frictional heating exceeds 0.1-0.4 MWm~(-2), while the average temperature of the shear zone is well below the solidus (250-450 ℃). Similar heterogeneities in stress and temperature are likely to occur on natural fault surfaces during rapid slip, and to be important for earthquake rupture dynamics.
机译：Kevin Brown和Yuri Fialko发表了关于岩石在接rn近地震速度范围的滑动速度下的摩擦性质的一rn项实验室研究。他们发现，地震断裂过程中一rn个断层表面最初的变弱，也许与部分加载滑动rn界面其余部分的热点和宏观熔化带(熔化条)的rn形成有关。%Laboratory studies of frictional properties of rocks at slip velocities approaching the seismic range (~0.1-l ms~(-1)), and at moderate normal stresses (1-10 MPa), have revealed a complex evolution of the dynamic shear strength, with at least two phases of weakening separated by strengthening at the onset of wholesale melting. The second post-melting weakening phase is governed by viscous properties of the melt layer and is reasonably well understood5'6. The initial phase of extreme weakening, however, remains a subject of much debate. Here we show that the initial weakening of gabbro is associated with the formation of hotspots and macroscopic streaks of melt ('melt welts'), which partially unload the rest of the slip interface. Melt welts begin to form when the average rate of frictional heating exceeds 0.1-0.4 MWm~(-2), while the average temperature of the shear zone is well below the solidus (250-450 ℃). Similar heterogeneities in stress and temperature are likely to occur on natural fault surfaces during rapid slip, and to be important for earthquake rupture dynamics.

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2012年第7413期|p.638-641A2|共5页
  • 作者

    Kevin M. Brown; Yuri Fialko;

  • 作者单位

    Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics,Scripps Institution of Oceanography,University of California,San Diego,La Jolla,California 92093,USA;

    Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics,Scripps Institution of Oceanography,University of California,San Diego,La Jolla,California 92093,USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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