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Observation of scale invariance and universality in two-dimensional Bose gases

机译：二维玻色气体中尺度不变性和普遍性的观察

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摘要

The collective behaviour of a many-body system near a continuous phase transition is insensitive to the details of its microscopic physics; for example, thermodynamic observables follow generalized scaling laws near the phase transition. The Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) phase transition in two-dimensional Bose gases presents a particularly interesting case because the marginal dimensionality and intrinsic scaling symmetry result in a broad fluctuation regime and an extended range of universal scaling behaviour. Studies of the BKT transition in cold atoms have stimulated great interest in recent years, but a clear demonstration of critical behaviour near the phase transition has remained elusive. Here we report in situ density and density-fluctuation measurements of two-dimensional Bose gases of caesium at different temperatures and interaction strengths, observing scale-invariant, universal behaviours. The extracted thermodynamic functions confirm the existence of a wide universal region near the BKT phase transition, and provide a sensitive test of the universality predicted by classical-field theory and quantum Monte Carlo calculations. Our experimental results provide evidence for growing density-density correlations in the fluctuation region, and call for further explorations of universal phenomena in classical and quantum critical physics.
机译：在连续相变附近的多体系统的集体行为对其微观物理学的细节不敏感。例如，热力学观测值遵循相变附近的广义比例定律。二维玻色气体中的Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless（BKT）相变呈现出一种特别有趣的情况，因为边际尺寸和固有的比例对称性导致了宽泛的波动范围和广泛的通用比例行为。近年来，对冷原子中BKT跃迁的研究引起了人们极大的兴趣，但是在相变附近的临界行为的清晰证明仍然难以捉摸。在这里，我们报告了铯在不同温度和相互作用强度下二维二维玻色气体的原位密度和密度涨落测量结果，观察了尺度不变的普遍行为。提取的热力学函数证实了BKT相变附近存在一个宽泛的通用区域，并为经典场论和量子蒙特卡洛计算所预测的通用性提供了灵敏的测试。我们的实验结果为波动区域内密度密度关系的增长提供了证据，并呼吁对经典和量子临界物理学中普遍现象的进一步探索。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2011年第7333期|p.236-239|共4页
  • 作者

    Chen-Lung Hung; Xibo Zhang; Nathan Gemelke; Cheng Chin;

  • 作者单位

    The James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA;

    The James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA;

    The James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA,Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA;

    The James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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