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Permanent El Nineo during the Pliocene warm period not supported by coral evidence

机译：上新世温暖期的永久El Nineo没有珊瑚证据的支持

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摘要

分辨率不高的古气候间接指标证据曾表明，“上rn新世暖期”(PWP)(距今约350万年前)的特点rn是永久性的厄尔尼诺条件，在这样的条件下，rn赤道太平洋从南美向西到处都是温暖的，而不rn是像今天这样有“冷舌”(cold tongue)。来自rn珊瑚化石的新的高分辨率气候间接指标数据对rn这种论断提出了质疑。在菲律宾发现的保存非rn常好的PWP年代的珊瑚化石(上面有清楚的骨rn骼年轮)表明，在PWP时期，西太平洋的海洋rn条件以厄尔尼诺现象的变化为特点，其变化与rn我们今天所看到的相似。%The El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) system during the Pliocene warm period (PWP; 3-5 million years ago) may have existed in a permanent El Nino state with a sharply reduced zonal sea surface temperature (SST) gradient in the equatorial Pacific Ocean'. This suggests that during the PWP, when global mean temperatures and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations were similar to those projected for near-term climate change2, ENSO variability-and related global climate teleconnections- could have been radically different from that today. Yet, owing to a lack of observational evidence on seasonal and interannual SST variability from crucial low-latitude sites, this fundamental climate characteristic of the PWP remains controversial1，3-10. Here we show that permanent El Nino conditions did not exist during the PWP. Our spectral analysis of the δ18O SST and salinity proxy, extracted from two 35-year, monthly resolved PWP Porites corals in the Philippines, reveals variability that is similar to present ENSO variation. Although our fossil corals cannot be directly compared with modern ENSO records, two lines of evidence suggest that Philippine corals are appropriate ENSO proxies. First, δ18O anomalies from a nearby live Porites coral are correlated with modern records of ENSO variability. Second, negative-δ18O events in the fossil corals closely resemble the decreases in δ18O seen in the live coral during El Nino events. Prior research advocating a permanent El Nino state may have been limited by the coarse resolution of many SST proxies, whereas our coral-based analysis identifies climate variability at the temporal scale required to resolve ENSO structure firmly.
机译：分辨率不高的古气候间接指标证据曾表明，“上rn新世暖期”(PWP)(距今约350万年前)的特点rn是永久性的厄尔尼诺条件，在这样的条件下，rn赤道太平洋从南美向西到处都是温暖的，而不rn是像今天这样有“冷舌”(cold tongue)。来自rn珊瑚化石的新的高分辨率气候间接指标数据对rn这种论断提出了质疑。在菲律宾发现的保存非rn常好的PWP年代的珊瑚化石(上面有清楚的骨rn骼年轮)表明，在PWP时期，西太平洋的海洋rn条件以厄尔尼诺现象的变化为特点，其变化与rn我们今天所看到的相似。%The El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) system during the Pliocene warm period (PWP; 3-5 million years ago) may have existed in a permanent El Nino state with a sharply reduced zonal sea surface temperature (SST) gradient in the equatorial Pacific Ocean'. This suggests that during the PWP, when global mean temperatures and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations were similar to those projected for near-term climate change2, ENSO variability-and related global climate teleconnections- could have been radically different from that today. Yet, owing to a lack of observational evidence on seasonal and interannual SST variability from crucial low-latitude sites, this fundamental climate characteristic of the PWP remains controversial1，3-10. Here we show that permanent El Nino conditions did not exist during the PWP. Our spectral analysis of the δ18O SST and salinity proxy, extracted from two 35-year, monthly resolved PWP Porites corals in the Philippines, reveals variability that is similar to present ENSO variation. Although our fossil corals cannot be directly compared with modern ENSO records, two lines of evidence suggest that Philippine corals are appropriate ENSO proxies. First, δ18O anomalies from a nearby live Porites coral are correlated with modern records of ENSO variability. Second, negative-δ18O events in the fossil corals closely resemble the decreases in δ18O seen in the live coral during El Nino events. Prior research advocating a permanent El Nino state may have been limited by the coarse resolution of many SST proxies, whereas our coral-based analysis identifies climate variability at the temporal scale required to resolve ENSO structure firmly.

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2011年第7337期|p.209-211|共3页
  • 作者

    Tsuyoshi Watanabe; Atsushi Suzuki; Shoshiro Minobe; Tatsunori Kawashima; Koji Kameo; Kayo Minoshima; Yolanda M. Aguilar; Ryoji Wani; Hodaka Kawahata; Kohki Sowa; Takaya Nagai; Tomoki Kase;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Natural History Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810 Japan;

    Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology,Tsukuba 305-8567, Japan;

    Department of Natural History Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810 Japan;

    Department of Natural History Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810 Japan;

    Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan;

    Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology,Tsukuba 305-8567, Japan;

    Petrolab, Mines and Geosciences Bureau, North Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines;

    Interdisciplinary Research Center, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan;

    Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-5564,Japan;

    Department of Natural History Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810 Japan;

    Department of Natural History Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810 Japan;

    Department of Geology and Paleontology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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