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Interannual atmospheric variability forced by the deep equatorial Atlantic Ocean

机译：赤道深海大西洋强迫的年际大气变化

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摘要

Climate variability in the tropical Atlantic Ocean is determined by large-scale ocean-atmosphere interactions, which particularly affect deep atmospheric convection over the ocean and surrounding continents. Apart from influences from the Pacific El Nino/Southern Oscillation and the North Atlantic Oscillation, the tropical Atlantic variability is thought to be dominated by two distinct ocean-atmosphere coupled modes of variability that are characterized by meridional and zonal sea-surface-temperature gradients and are mainly active on decadal and interannual timescales, respectively. Here we report evidence that the intrinsic ocean dynamics of the deep equatorial Atlantic can also affect sea surface temperature, wind and rainfall in the tropical Atlantic region and constitutes a 4.5-yr climate cycle. Specifically, vertically alternating deep zonal jets of short vertical wavelength with a period of about 4.5 yr and amplitudes of more than 10 cm s~(-1) are observed, in the deep Atlantic, to propagate their energy upwards, towards the surface. They are linked, at the sea surface, to equatorial zonal current anomalies and eastern Atlantic temperature anomalies that have amplitudes of about 6cms~(-1) and 0.4 ℃, respectively, and are associated with distinct wind and rainfall patterns. Although deep jets are also observed in the Pacific and Indian oceans, only the Atlantic deep jets seem to oscillate on interannual timescales. Our knowledge of the persistence and regularity of these jets is limited by the availability of high-quality data. Despite this caveat, the oscillatory behaviour can still be used to improve predictions of sea surface temperature in the tropical Atlantic. Deep-jet generation and upward energy transmission through the Equatorial Undercurrent warrant further theoretical study.
机译：热带大西洋的气候变异性是由大规模的海-气相互作用决定的，这种相互作用特别影响海洋和周围大陆上的深层大气对流。除了受到太平洋厄尔尼诺/南部涛动和北大西洋涛动的影响外，热带大西洋的变化被认为是由两种不同的海-气耦合变化模式主导的，其特征是子午和纬向海表温度梯度和主要活跃在年代际和年际时标上。在这里，我们报告的证据表明，赤道深海的内在海洋动力学也会影响热带大西洋区域的海表温度，风和降雨，并构成一个4.5年的气候周期。具体地，在深大西洋中，观察到垂直交替的短垂直波长的深纬向带射流，其周期约为4.5年，振幅大于10 cm s〜（-1），从而将其能量向上传播至地面。它们在海面分别与振幅分别约为6cms〜（-1）和0.4℃的赤道纬向洋流异常和东大西洋温度异常有关，并且与明显的风和降雨模式有关。尽管在太平洋和印度洋也观察到了深喷射，但只有大西洋深喷射似乎在年际时标上振荡。我们对这些喷射机的持久性和规律性的了解受到高质量数据可用性的限制。尽管有这些警告，但振荡行为仍可以用于改善热带大西洋海表温度的预测。通过赤道暗流产生的深喷射和向上的能量传输值得进一步的理论研究。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2011年第7348期|p.497-500|共4页
  • 作者

    Peter Brandt; Andreas Funk; Verena Hormann; Marcus Dengler; Richard J. Greatbatch; John M. Toole;

  • 作者单位

    IFM-GEOMAR, Leibniz-lnstitut fuer Meereswissenschaften an der Universitat Kiel, Duesternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany;

    IFM-GEOMAR, Leibniz-lnstitut fuer Meereswissenschaften an der Universitat Kiel, Duesternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany;

    Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, Florida 33149, USA;

    IFM-GEOMAR, Leibniz-lnstitut fuer Meereswissenschaften an der Universitat Kiel, Duesternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany;

    IFM-GEOMAR, Leibniz-lnstitut fuer Meereswissenschaften an der Universitat Kiel, Duesternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany;

    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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