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City living and urban upbringing affect neural social stress processing in humans

机译：城市生活和城市养育影响人类的神经社交压力处理

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城市化的迅速发展(到2050年世界上三分之二 的人口将生活在城市里)会带来很大的健康问 题。虽然在城市生活有很多优势，但精神分裂 症在出生在城市的人当中要比在来自人口密度 较低地区的人当中更为普遍，而且在城市中生 活还会增加抑郁症和焦虑症的发病率。%More than half of the world's population now lives in cities, making the creation of a healthy urban environment a maj or policy priority1. Cities have both health risks and benefits~1, but mental health is negatively affected: mood and anxiety disorders are more prevalent in city dwellers~2 and the incidence of schizophrenia is strongly increased in people born and raised in cities~(3-6). Although these findings have been widely attributed to the urban social environment~(2,3,7,8), the neural processes that could mediate such associations are unknown. Here we show, using functional magnetic resonance imaging in three independent experiments, that urban upbringing and city living have dissociable impacts on social evaluative stress processing in humans. Current city living was associated with increased amygdala activity, whereas urban upbringing affected the perigenual anterior cingulate cortex, a key region for regulation of amygdala activity, negative affect~9 and stress~(10). These findings were regionally and behaviourally specific, as no other brain structures were affected and no urbanicity effect was seen during control experiments invoking cognitive processing without stress. Our results identify distinct neural mechanisms for an established environmental risk factor, link the urban environment for the first time to social stress processing, suggest that brain regions differ in vulnerability to this risk factor across the lifespan, and indicate that experimental interrogation of epidemiological associations is a promising strategy in social neuroscience.
机译：城市化的迅速发展(到2050年世界上三分之二 的人口将生活在城市里)会带来很大的健康问 题。虽然在城市生活有很多优势，但精神分裂 症在出生在城市的人当中要比在来自人口密度 较低地区的人当中更为普遍，而且在城市中生 活还会增加抑郁症和焦虑症的发病率。%More than half of the world's population now lives in cities, making the creation of a healthy urban environment a maj or policy priority1. Cities have both health risks and benefits~1, but mental health is negatively affected: mood and anxiety disorders are more prevalent in city dwellers~2 and the incidence of schizophrenia is strongly increased in people born and raised in cities~(3-6). Although these findings have been widely attributed to the urban social environment~(2,3,7,8), the neural processes that could mediate such associations are unknown. Here we show, using functional magnetic resonance imaging in three independent experiments, that urban upbringing and city living have dissociable impacts on social evaluative stress processing in humans. Current city living was associated with increased amygdala activity, whereas urban upbringing affected the perigenual anterior cingulate cortex, a key region for regulation of amygdala activity, negative affect~9 and stress~(10). These findings were regionally and behaviourally specific, as no other brain structures were affected and no urbanicity effect was seen during control experiments invoking cognitive processing without stress. Our results identify distinct neural mechanisms for an established environmental risk factor, link the urban environment for the first time to social stress processing, suggest that brain regions differ in vulnerability to this risk factor across the lifespan, and indicate that experimental interrogation of epidemiological associations is a promising strategy in social neuroscience.

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2011年第7352期|p.498-501407|共5页
  • 作者

    Florian Lederbogen; Peter Kirsch; Leila Haddad; Fabian Streit; Heike Tost; Philipp Schuch; Stefan Wüst; Jens C. Pruessner; Marcella Rietschel; Michael Deuschle; Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg;

  • 作者单位

    Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany;

    Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany;

    Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany;

    Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany;

    Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany;

    Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany;

    Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany;

    Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada;

    Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany;

    Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany;

    Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg/Medical Faculty Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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