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Chromosomal rearrangements maintain a polymorphic supergene controlling butterfly mimicry

机译：染色体重排维持控制蝴蝶拟态的多态超基因

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摘要

Supergenes are tight clusters of loci that facilitate the co-segregation of adaptive variation, providing integrated control of complex adaptive phenotypes~1. Polymorphic supergenes, in which specific combinations of traits are maintained within a single population, were first described for 'pin' and 'thrum' floral types in Primula~1 and Fagopyrum~2, but classic examples are also found in insect mimicry~(3,5) and snail morphology6. Understanding the evolutionary mechanisms that generate these co-adapted gene sets, as well as the mode of limiting the production of unfit recombinant forms, remains a substantial challenge~(7-10). Here we show that individual wing-pattern morphs in the polymorphic mimetic butterfly Heliconius numata are associated with different genomic rearrangements at the super-gene locus P. These rearrangements tighten the genetic linkage between at least two colour-pattern loci that are known to recom-bine in closely related species~(9-11), with complete suppression of recombination being observed in experimental crosses across a 400-kilobase interval containing at least 18 genes. In natural populations, notable patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD) are observed across the entire P region. The resulting divergent haplotype clades and inversion breakpoints are found in complete association with wing-pattern morphs. Our results indicate that allelic combinations at known wing-patterning loci have become locked together in a polymorphic rearrangement at the Plocus, forming a supergene that acts as a simple switch between complex adaptive phenotypes found in sympatry. These findings highlight how genomic rearrangements can have a central role in the coexistence of adaptive phenotypes involving several genes acting in concert, by locally limiting recombination and gene flow.
机译：超基因是紧密的基因座簇，促进了适应性变异的共分离，为复杂的适应性表型〜1提供了整合控制。首先在Primula〜1和Fagopyrum〜2中描述了'pin'和'thrum'花卉类型的多态性超基因，其中特定的性状组合在单个种群中得以维持，但在昆虫模仿中也发现了经典的例子〜（3 ，5）和蜗牛形态6。了解产生这些共同适应的基因集的进化机制，以及限制产生不合适的重组形式的方式，仍然是一个巨大的挑战[7-10]。在这里，我们显示了多态模拟蝴蝶Heliconius numata中的单个翼型形态与超基因位点P的不同基因组重排相关。这些重排加强了至少两个已知的颜色模式位点之间的遗传联系。在近缘物种中（9-11），在包含至少18个基因的400碱基间隔内的实验杂交中观察到重组的完全抑制。在自然种群中，在整个P区域观察到明显的连锁不平衡（LD）模式。发现产生的单倍型进化枝和反转断点与机翼模式形态完全相关。我们的结果表明，已知的机翼模式位点的等位基因组合已锁定在Plocus的多态性重排中，形成了一个超基因，可以作为在交感神经系统中发现的复杂适应性表型之间的简单切换。这些发现凸显了基因组重排如何通过局部限制重组和基因流动，在涉及多个共同起作用的基因的适应性表型共存中发挥中心作用。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2011年第7363期|p.203-206|共4页
  • 作者

    Mathieu Joron; Lise Frezal; Robert T. Jones; Nicola L. Chamberlain; Siu F. Lee; Christoph R. Haag; Annabel Whibley; Michel Becuwe; Simon W. Baxter; Laura Ferguson; Paul A. Wilkinson; Camilo Salazar; Claire Davidson; Richard Clark; Michael A. Quail; Helen Beasley; Rebecca Glithero; Christine Lloyd; Sarah Sims; Matthew C. Jones; Jane Rogers; Chris D. Jiggins; Richard H. ffrench-Constant;

  • 作者单位

    CNRS UMR 7205, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CP50,45 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Asbworth Laboratories, King's Buildings,West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Postbus 9505,2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands;

    CNRS UMR 7205, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CP50,45 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France;

    Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TRIO 9EZ, UK;

    Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TRIO 9EZ, UK;

    Department of Genetics, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, 3010 Victoria, Australia;

    Department of Biology, Ecology and Evolution, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musee 10, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;

    CNRS UMR 7205, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CP50,45 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France;

    Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Asbworth Laboratories, King's Buildings,West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK;

    Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK;

    Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK;

    Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TRIO 9EZ, UK;

    Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, NAOS island, Causeway Amador, Panama, Republica de Panama;

    The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK;

    The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK;

    The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK;

    The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK;

    The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK;

    The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK;

    The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK;

    The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK;

    The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK;

    Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK;

    Centre for Ecology and Conservation, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TRIO 9EZ, UK;

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