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Multiple routes to mammalian diversity

机译：实现哺乳动物多样性的多种途径

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The radiation of the mammals provides a 165-million-year test case for evolutionary theories of how species occupy and then fill ecological niches. It is widely assumed that species often diverge rapidly early in their evolution, and that this is followed by a longer, drawn-out period of slower evolutionary fine-tuning as natural selection fits organisms into an increasingly occupied niche space1'2. But recent studies have hinted that the process may not be so simple3"5. Here we apply statistical methods that automatically detect temporal shifts in the rate of evolution through time to a comprehensive mammalian phytogeny6 and data set7 of body sizes of 3,185 extant species. Unexpectedly, the majority of mammal species, including two of the most spedose orders (Rodentia and Chiroptera), have no history of substantial and sustained increases in the rates of evolution. Instead, a subset of the mammals has experienced an explosive increase (between 10- and 52-fold) in the rate of evolution along the single branch leading to the common ancestor of their monophyletic group (for example Chiroptera), followed by a quick return to lower or background levels. The remaining species are a taxonomically diverse assemblage showing a significant, sustained increase or decrease in their rates of evolution. These results necessarily decouple morphological diversification from speciation and suggest that the processes that give rise to the morphological diversity of a class of animals are far more free to vary than previously considered. Niches do not seem to fill up, and diversity seems to arise whenever, wherever and at whatever rate it is advantageous.
机译：哺乳动物的辐射为物种如何占据然后填充生态位的进化理论提供了1.65亿年的测试案例。人们普遍认为，物种通常会在其进化的早期迅速分化，然后随着较慢的进化微调，随着自然选择使生物适应日益占据的生态位空间1'2，这将导致更长的耗费时间。但是最近的研究表明这个过程可能不是那么简单3“ 5。在这里，我们将统计方法用于自动检测随着时间变化的进化速度随时间变化的综合哺乳动物植物遗传学6和3185种现存物种的数据集。 ，大多数哺乳动物物种，包括两个活动最频繁的物种（啮齿目和翼手目），都没有大幅持续增长的历史，相反，一部分哺乳动物经历了爆炸性增长（在10-沿单一分支的进化速率达到52倍），从而导致其单系群（例如Chiroptera）的共同祖先，然后迅速返回到较低或本底水平。其余物种是分类学上不同的组合，显示出它们的进化速率持续显着增加或降低，这些结果必然使形态多样化与物种形成和建议脱钩引起一类动物形态多样性的过程比以前认为的自由得多。壁ches似乎并没有填补，多样性似乎在任何时候，任何地点，以任何有利的速度出现。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2011年第7373期|p.393-396|共4页
  • 作者

    Chris Venditti; Andrew Meade; Mark Pagel;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Biological Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK;

    Department of Biological Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK;

    School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6BX, UK,Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe,New Mexico 87501, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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