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Perception of sniff phase in mouse olfaction

机译:嗅觉在小鼠嗅觉中的感知

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摘要

Olfactory systems encode odours by which neurons respond and by when they respond1"3. In mammals, every sniff evokes a precise, odour-specific sequence of activity across olfactory neurons4"6. Likewise, in a variety of neural systems, ranging from sensory periphery7'8 to cognitive centres9, neuronal activity is timed relative to sampling behaviour and/or internally generated oscillations. As in these neural systems, relative timing of activity may represent information in the olfactory system10'11. However, there is no evidence that mammalian olfactory systems read such cues12-13. To test whether mice perceive the timing of olfactory activation relative to the sniff cycle ('sniff phase'), we used optogenetics in gene-targeted mice to generate spatially constant, temporally controllable olfactory input. Here we show that mice can beha-viourally report the sniff phase of optogenetically driven activation of olfactory sensory neurons. Furthermore, mice can discriminate between light-evoked inputs that are shifted in the sniff cycle by as little as 10 milliseconds, which is similar to the temporal precision of olfactory bulb odour responses14'15. Electrophysiological recordings in the olfactory bulb of awake mice show that individual cells encode the timing of photoactivation in relation to the sniff in both the timing and the amplitude of their responses. Our work provides evidence that the mammalian olfactory system can read temporal patterns, and suggests that timing of activity relative to sampling behaviour is a potent cue that may enable accurate olfactory percepts to form quickly.%嗅觉系统对气味的编码方式是这样的:不仅按照哪些神经元对气味做出反应来编码,而且按rn照它们什么时候对气味做出反应来编码。对小鼠来说,小鼠去闻某一特定气味的行为,会在rn嗅觉神经元中激发一个精确的活动序列,但尚不知道这种时序信息实际上是否会被读出和使rn用。
机译:嗅觉系统编码气味,神经元通过该气味进行响应,并在它们响应时进行编码1“ 3。在哺乳动物中,每条嗅觉都会在嗅觉神经元上产生一种精确的,气味特定的活动序列” 6“。同样,在从感觉外围7'8到认知中心9的各种神经系统中,神经元活动是相对于采样行为和/或内部产生的振荡而定时的。像在这些神经系统中一样,活动的相对时间可以代表嗅觉系统中的信息10'11。但是,没有证据表明哺乳动物的嗅觉系统会读取此类提示12-13。为了测试小鼠是否感知嗅觉激活相对于嗅觉周期(“嗅觉阶段”)的时间,我们在针对基因的小鼠中使用了光遗传学来生成空间恒定,时间可控的嗅觉输入。在这里,我们显示小鼠可以行为学地报告嗅觉感觉神经元的光遗传学驱动激活的嗅觉阶段。此外,小鼠可以区分在嗅觉周期中移动了短至10毫秒的光诱发输入,这类似于嗅球气味响应的时间精度14'15。清醒小鼠嗅球中的电生理记录表明,单个细胞在其反应的时间和幅度方面编码与嗅觉有关的光活化时间。我们的工作提供了哺乳动物嗅觉系统可以读取时间模式的证据,并暗示了相对于采样行为的活动时机是有力的提示,可以使准确的嗅觉感知迅速形成。对小鼠而言,小鼠去闻特定特定气味的行为,会在rn嗅觉神经元中激发一个精确的活动序列,但尚不知道这种时序信息实际上是否会被重定向和使rn用。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2011年第7373期|p.397-400|共4页
  • 作者单位

    Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ash burn, Virginia 20147, USA,Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston,lllinois60208, USA;

    Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ash burn, Virginia 20147, USA;

    Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA;

    Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ash burn, Virginia 20147, USA,Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston,lllinois60208, USA;

    Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ash burn, Virginia 20147, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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