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Evidence for an oxygen-depleted liquid outer core of the Earth

机译：地球缺氧液态外核的证据

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On the basis of geophysical observations, cosmochemical constraints, and high-pressure experimental data, the Earth's liquid outer core consists of mainly liquid iron alloyed with about ten per cent (by weight) of light elements1'2. Although the concentrations of the light elements are small, they nevertheless affect the Earth's core: its rate of cooling, the growth of the inner core, the dynamics of core convection, and the evolution of the geodynamo3'4. Several light elements-including sulphur, oxygen, silicon, carbon and hydrogen-have been suggested2, but the precise identity of the light elements in the Earth's core is still unclear. Oxygen has been proposed as a major light element in the core on the basis of cosmochemical arguments and chemical reactions during accretion5'6. Its presence in the core has direct implications for Earth accretion conditions of oxidation state, pressure and temperature. Here we report new Shockwave data in the Fe-S-O system that are directly applicable to the outer core. The data include both density and sound velocity measurements, which we compare with the observed density and velocity profiles of the liquid outer core. The results show that we can rule out oxygen as a major light element in the liquid outer core because adding oxygen into liquid iron would not reproduce simultaneously the observed density and sound velocity profiles of the outer core. An oxygen-depleted core would imply a more reduced environment during early Earth accretion.%地球的液态外核主要由液态铁组成,它与大约rn10％(重量比)的轻元素形成合金.根据宇宙化rn学观点和在吸积过程中自勺化学反应,人们曾提rn出氧是地球外核中的一个主要轻元素,但在这rn篇论文中,Huang等人报告的数据基本上排除rn了氧元素作为地球液态外核中一个主要轻元素rn的可能性.他们将在地核条件下的Fe-S-O体rn系中所做的冲击波实验中获得的密度和声速测rn量结果与通过地球物理观测获得的数据做了比rn较.他们的发现表明,地核是不含氧的,在地rn球吸积早期是一个还原环境.这些发现对于早rn期地球吸积模型有重要意义.
机译：根据地球物理观测，宇宙化学约束和高压实验数据，地球的液态外核主要由液态铁和约10％（按重量计）的轻元素组成1'2。尽管轻元素的浓度很小，但它们仍会影响地球的核心：其冷却速度，内核的生长，核对流的动力学以及大地动力学3的演化。已经提出了几种轻元素，包括硫，氧，硅，碳和氢2，但地球核心中的轻元素的确切身份仍不清楚。根据宇宙化学论证和增生过程中的化学反应，已经提出氧气是核心中的主要轻元素5-6。它在岩心中的存在直接影响着氧化状态，压力和温度的地球积聚条件。在这里，我们报告了Fe-S-O系统中新的Shockwave数据，这些数据直接适用于外核。数据包括密度和声速测量，我们将其与观察到的液体外核的密度和速度分布进行比较。结果表明，我们可以排除氧是液态外核中的主要轻元素，因为在液态铁中添加氧不会同时重现观察到的外核的密度和声速分布。缺氧的岩心将意味着在地球早期积聚期间环境更加减少。％地球的液态外核主要由液态铁组成，它与大约rn10％（重量比）的轻元素形成合金。根据宇宙化rn学观点和在吸积过程中自勺化学反应，人们曾提rn出氧是地球外核中的一个主要轻元素，但在这rn篇论文中，Huang等人报告的数据基本上排除了rn了氧元素作为地球他们将在地核条件下的Fe-SO体rn系中加工的冲击波实验中获得的密度和声速测rn量结果与通过地球物理观测获得的他们发现了，地核是不含氧的，在地rn球吸积早期是一个还原环境。这些发现对于早年期地球吸积模型有重要意义。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2011年第7374期|p.513-516A1|共5页
  • 作者

    Haijun Huang; Yingwei Fei; Lingcang Cai; Fuqian Jing; Xiaojun Hu; Hongsen Xie; Lianmeng Zhang; Zizheng Gong;

  • 作者单位

    School of Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China;

    Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, District of Columbia 20015, USA,School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;

    National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, China;

    School of Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China,National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, China;

    School of Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China;

    Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, China;

    State Key Lab of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China;

    National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Reliability and Environment Engineering, Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering, Beijing 100094, China;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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