In the United States, the Office of Research Integrity and the National Science Foundation both impose legal sanctions for scientific fraud in publicly funded research. The European Commission has no equivalent measures in place. Strict regulations and policy procedures to combat misconduct (see, for example, go.nature.com/alznzb) are needed before Europe's ambitious Horizon 2020 research-funding programme is introduced in 2014 (Nature 478, 16:2011).
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