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Directional water collection on wetted spider silk

机译：湿蜘蛛丝上的定向水收集

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摘要

Many biological surfaces in both the plant and animal kingdom possess unusual structural features at the micro- and nanometre-scale that control their interaction with water and hence wettability. An intriguing example is provided by desert beetles, which use micrometre-sized patterns of hydrophobic and hydro-philic regions on their backs to capture water from humid air. As anyone who has admired spider webs adorned with dew drops will appreciate, spider silk is also capable of efficiently collecting water from air. Here we show that the water-collecting ability of the capture silk of the cribellate spider Uloborus walckenaerius is the result of a unique fibre structure that forms after wetting, with the 'wet-rebuilt' fibres characterized by periodic spindle-knots made of random nanofibrils and separated by joints made of aligned nanofibrils. These structural features result in a surface energy gradient between the spindle-knots and the joints and also in a difference in Laplace pressure, with both factors acting together to achieve continuous condensation and directional collection of water drops around spindle-knots. Submillimetre-sized liquid drops have been driven by surface energy gradients or a difference in Laplace pressure, but until now neither force on its own has been used to overcome the larger hysteresis effects that make the movement of micrometre-sized drops more difficult. By tapping into both driving forces, spider silk achieves this task. Inspired by this finding, we designed artificial fibres that mimic the structural features of silk and exhibit its directional water-collecting ability.
机译：动植物界的许多生物表面在微米和纳米级都具有不同寻常的结构特征，可控制它们与水的相互作用并因此控制其可湿性。沙漠甲虫提供了一个引人入胜的例子，沙漠甲虫在背部使用疏水性和亲水性区域的微米级图案来从潮湿的空气中捕获水。正如任何人都喜欢用露珠装饰的蜘蛛网所欣赏的那样，蜘蛛丝也能够有效地从空气中收集水。在这里我们表明，新月形蜘蛛Uloborus walckenaerius的捕获丝的集水能力是润湿后形成的独特纤维结构的结果，“湿重建”纤维的特征是由随机纳米纤维制成的周期性纺锤结并由对齐的纳米原纤维制成的接头隔开。这些结构特征导致纺锤结与接头之间的表面能梯度以及拉普拉斯压力的差异，这两个因素共同作用，以实现连续的凝结和纺锤结周围水滴的定向收集。亚毫米大小的液滴是由表面能梯度或拉普拉斯压力的差异驱动的，但直到现在，都没有单独使用力来克服较大的滞后效应，后者使微米级液滴的移动更加困难。通过利用两种驱动力，蜘蛛丝可以完成这项任务。受到这一发现的启发，我们设计了人造纤维来模仿丝绸的结构特征，并表现出其定向集水能力。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2010年第7281期|640-643|共4页
  • 作者

    Yongmei Zheng; Hao Bai; Zhongbing Huang; Xuelin Tian; Fu-Qiang Nie; Yong Zhao; Jin Zhai; Lei Jiang;

  • 作者单位

    School of Chemistry and Environment, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing 100191, China;

    National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China;

    Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;

    Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;

    Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;

    Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;

    School of Chemistry and Environment, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing 100191, China;

    Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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