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Ecologically distinct dinosaurian sister group shows early diversification of Ornithodira

机译：生态独特的恐龙姊妹群显示了鸟类的早期多样化

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The early evolutionary history of Ornithodira (avian-line archo-saurs) has hitherto been documented by incomplete (Lagerpeton) or unusually specialized forms (pterosaurs and Silesaurus). Recently, a variety of Silesaurus-like taxa have been reported from the Triassic period of both Gondwana and Laurasia, but their relationships to each other and to dinosaurs remain a subject of debate. Here we report on a new avian-line archosaur from the early Middle Triassic (Anisian) of Tanzania. Phylogenetic analysis places Asilisaurus kongwe gen. et sp. nov. as an avian-line archosaur and a member of the Silesauridae, which is here considered the sister taxon to Dinosauria. Silesaurids were diverse and had a wide distribution by the Late Triassic, with a novel ornithodiran bauplan including leaf-shaped teeth, a beak-like lower "jaw, long, gracile limbs, and a quadrupedal stance. Our analysis suggests that the dentition and diet of silesaurids, ornithischians and sauropodo-morphs evolved independently from a plesiomorphic carnivorous form. As the oldest avian-line archosaur, Asilisaurus demonstrates the antiquity of both Ornithodira and the dinosaurian lineage. The initial diversification of Archosauria, previously documented by crocodilian-line archosaurs in the Anisian, can now be shown to include a contemporaneous avian-line radiation. The unparalleled taxonomic diversity of the Manda archosaur assemblage indicates that archosaur diversification was well underway by the Middle Triassic or earlier.
机译：迄今为止，鸟类的始祖鸟（Ornithodira）（鸟类系始祖龙）的进化历史是不完整的（Lagerpeton）或特殊的特殊形式（翼龙和剑龙）。最近，冈萨纳和劳拉西亚的三叠纪时期已经报道了多种类似剑龙的类群，但是它们之间以及与恐龙之间的关系仍然是一个争论的话题。在这里，我们报道了来自坦桑尼亚中三叠世早期（阿尼西亚）的一种新的禽类线龙。系统发育分析放置了金刚子。等。十一月作为鸟类的线龙，是剑龙科的一员，这里被认为是恐龙的姊妹分类群。西勒索龙类是多样的，在三叠纪晚期分布广泛，具有新颖的鸟嘴兽鲍兰，包括叶状牙齿，喙状的下颚，长而柔软的肢体和四足的姿势。我们的分析表明，牙列和饮食剑龙，鸟嘴兽和蜥脚类目恐龙的形态独立于多形肉食性形式演化，作为最古老的鸟类线形龙，Asiliosaurus展示了鸟嘴龙和恐龙血统的古代。Archosauria的原始多样性现在可以证明其具有包括同时期的禽线辐射，曼达考古学组合无与伦比的生物分类学多样性表明，中三叠纪或更早的时候，考古学的分类学进展良好。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2010年第7285期|95-98|共4页
  • 作者

    Sterling J. Nesbitt; Christian A. Sidor; Randall B. Irmis; Kenneth D. Angielczyk; Roger M. H. Smith; Linda A. Tsuji;

  • 作者单位

    Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964, USA Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024, USA Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712, USA;

    Burke Museum and Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA;

    Utah Museum of Natural History, 1390 E. Presidents Circle Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0050, USA Department of Geology & Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0102, USA;

    Department of Geology, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605, USA;

    Karoo Palaeontology, Iziko South African Museum, Cape Town 8000, South Africa;

    Museum fur Naturkunde an der Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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