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Phenotypic robustness conferred by apparently redundant transcriptional enhancers

机译：明显冗余的转录增强子赋予的表型鲁棒性

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摘要

Genes include cis-regulatory regions that contain transcriptional enhancers. Recent reports have shown that developmental genes often possess multiple discrete enhancer modules that drive transcription in similar spatio-temporal patterns: primary enhancers located near the basal promoter and secondary, or 'shadow', enhancers located at more remote positions. It has been proposed that the seemingly redundant activity of primary and secondary enhancers contributes to phenotypic robustness. We tested this hypothesis by generating a deficiency that removes two newly discovered enhancers of shavenbaby (svb, a transcript of the ovo locus), a gene encoding a transcription factor that directs development of Drosophila larval trichomes. At optimal temperatures for embryonic development, this deficiency causes minor defects in trichome patterning. In embryos that develop at both low and high extreme temperatures, however, absence of these secondary enhancers leads to extensive loss of trichomes. These temperature-dependent defects can be rescued by a transgene carrying a secondary enhancer driving transcription of the svb cDNA. Finally, removal of one copy of wingless, a gene required for normal trichome patterning, causes a similar loss of trichomes only in flies lacking the secondary enhancers. These results support the hypothesis that secondary enhancers contribute to phenotypic robustness in the face of environmental and genetic variability.
机译：基因包括含有转录增强子的顺式调节区。最近的报道表明，发育基因通常具有多个离散的增强子模块，以相似的时空模式驱动转录：主要的增强子位于基础启动子附近，次要的“阴影”增强子位于更远的位置。已经提出，一级和二级增强子看似多余的活性有助于表型的稳健性。我们通过产生一种缺陷来检验该假设，该缺陷去除了两个新发现的剃齿婴儿的增强子（svb，卵基因座的转录物），该基因编码指导果蝇幼虫毛状体发育的转录因子。在胚胎发育的最佳温度下，这种缺陷会导致毛状体构图出现轻微缺陷。然而，在低温和高温下均发育的胚胎中，缺少这些次级增强剂会导致毛状体的大量损失。这些温度依赖性缺陷可以通过携带辅助增强子驱动svb cDNA转录的转基因来挽救。最后，仅在缺乏次级增强子的果蝇中，去除一个拷贝的无翅是正常毛状体形成所需的基因，会导致类似的毛状体损失。这些结果支持这样的假说：面对环境和遗传变异，次要增强子有助于表型的稳健性。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2010年第7305期|P.490-493|共4页
  • 作者

    Nicolas Frankel; Gregory K. Davis; Diego Vargas; Shu Wang; Francois Payre; David L. Stern;

  • 作者单位

    Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA;

    rnDepartment of Biology, Bryn Mawr College, 101 N. Merion Ave, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania 19010, USA;

    rnHoward Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA;

    rnHoward Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA;

    rnUniversite de Toulouse and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Biologie du Developpement, UMR5547, Toulouse, F-31062, France;

    rnHoward Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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