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Global patterns and predictors of marine biodiversity across taxa

机译：整个分类群中海洋生物多样性的全球格局和预测因素

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摘要

Global patterns of species richness and their structuring forces have fascinated biologists since Darwin and provide critical context for contemporary studies in ecology, evolution and conservation. Anthropogenic impacts and the need for systematic conservation planning have further motivated the analysis of diversity patterns and processes at regional to global scales. Whereas land diversity patterns and their predictors are known for numerous taxa, our understanding of global marine diversity has been more limited, with recent findings revealing some striking contrasts to widely held terrestrial paradigms. Here we examine global patterns and predictors of species richness across 13 major species groups ranging from zooplankton to marine mammals. Two major patterns emerged: coastal species showed maximum diversity in the Western Pacific, whereas oceanic groups consistently peaked across broad mid-latitudinal bands in all oceans. Spatial regression analyses revealed sea surface temperature as the only environmental predictor highly related to diversity across all 13 taxa. Habitat availability and historical factors were also important for coastal species, whereas other predictors had less significance. Areas of high species richness were disproportionately concentrated in regions with medium or higher human impacts. Our findings indicate a fundamental role of temperature or kinetic energy in structuring cross-taxon marine biodiversity, and indicate that changes in ocean temperature, in conjunction with other human impacts, may ultimately rearrange the global distribution of life in the ocean.
机译：自达尔文以来，全球物种丰富度的格局及其构成力使生物学家着迷，并为生态，进化和保护的当代研究提供了重要背景。人为影响和对系统养护计划的需求进一步推动了区域乃至全球范围内多样性模式和过程的分析。尽管土地多样性的模式及其预测因子以众多的分类单元而闻名，但我们对全球海洋多样性的理解却更为有限，最近的发现揭示了与广泛存在的陆地范式的鲜明对比。在这里，我们研究了从浮游动物到海洋哺乳动物的13个主要物种组的物种丰富度的全球模式和预测因子。出现了两种主要模式：沿海物种在西太平洋地区表现出最大的多样性，而海洋群则在所有海洋的中纬度带上始终达到顶峰。空间回归分析显示，海表温度是与所有13个分类单元的多样性高度相关的唯一环境预测因子。生境可用性和历史因素对沿海物种也很重要，而其他预测因素的意义则较小。高物种丰富度地区不成比例地集中在对人类影响中等或较高的区域。我们的发现表明温度或动能在构造跨类群海洋生物多样性中的基本作用，并表明海洋温度的变化以及其他人类影响可能最终重新排列海洋生物的全球分布。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2010年第7310期|P.1098-1101iii|共5页
  • 作者

    Derek P. Tittensor; Camilo Mora; Walter Jetz; Heike K. Lotze; Daniel Ricard; Edward Vanden Berghe; Boris Worm;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax B3H 4J1, Canada;

    rnDepartment of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax B3H 4J1, Canada;

    rnDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8106, USA;

    rnDepartment of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax B3H 4J1, Canada;

    rnDepartment of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax B3H 4J1, Canada;

    rnInstitute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8521, USA;

    rnDepartment of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax B3H 4J1, Canada;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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