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Single-atom-resolved fluorescence imaging of an atomic Mott insulator

机译:原子莫特绝缘子的单原子分辨荧光成像

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摘要

The reliable detection of single quantum particles has revolutionized the field of quantum optics and quantum information processing. For several years, researchers have aspired to extend such detection possibilities to larger-scale, strongly correlated quantum systems, in order to record in situ images of a quantum fluid in which each underlying quantum particle is detected. Here we report fluorescence imaging of strongly interacting bosonic Mott insulators in an optical lattice with single-atom and single-site resolution. From our images, we fully reconstruct the atom distribution on the lattice and identify individual excitations with high fidelity. A comparison of the radial density and variance distributions with theory provides a precise in situ temperature and entropy measurement from single images. We observe Mott-insulating plateaus with near-zero entropy and clearly resolve the high-entropy rings separating them, even though their width is of the order of just a single lattice site. Furthermore, we show how a Mott insulator melts with increasing temperature, owing to a proliferation of local defects. The ability to resolve individual lattice sites directly opens up new avenues for the manipulation, analysis and applications of strongly interacting quantum gases on a lattice. For example, one could introduce local perturbations or access regions of high entropy, a crucial requirement for the implementation of novel cooling schemes.
机译:单量子粒子的可靠检测彻底改变了量子光学和量子信息处理领域。几年来,研究人员一直希望将这种检测可能性扩展到更大范围的,高度相关的量子系统,以记录在其中检测到每个潜在量子粒子的量子流体的原位图像。在这里,我们报告了具有单原子和单位置分辨率的光学晶格中强相互作用的玻色莫特绝缘子的荧光成像。从我们的图像中,我们可以完全重建原子在晶格上的分布,并以高保真度识别出各个激发。径向密度和方差分布与理论的比较提供了从单个图像进行的精确的原位温度和熵测量。我们观察到熵接近零的Mott绝缘高原,并且清楚地分辨了分离它们的高熵环,即使它们的宽度只是一个晶格位的数量级也是如此。此外,我们展示了由于局部缺陷的扩散,莫特绝缘子如何随着温度升高而熔化。解决单个晶格位点的能力直接为在晶格上强相互作用的量子气体的操纵,分析和应用开辟了新途径。例如,可能会引入局部扰动或高熵的进入区域,这是实施新型冷却方案的一项关键要求。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2010年第7311期|P.68-72|共5页
  • 作者单位

    Max-Planck-lnstitut fuer Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;

    rnMax-Planck-lnstitut fuer Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany;

    rnMax-Planck-lnstitut fuer Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany;

    rnMax-Planck-lnstitut fuer Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany;

    rnMax-Planck-lnstitut fuer Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet, Schellingstrasse 4/11, D-80799 Muenchen, Germany;

    rnMax-Planck-lnstitut fuer Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany;

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