Using a very general modelling approach, Nowak and colleagues make two important and valid points. First, when standard natural selection theory and inclusive fitness theory can both be applied, they must yield the same answer. Whether the realm of applicability of inclusive fitness models is as restricted as claimed remains to be seen, but it is in any case contained in the realm of standard models. Second, the paper makes it clear what inclusive fitness theory really is: an accounting method, not a biological mechanism.
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