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Southern Ocean Deep-water Carbon Export Enhanced By Natural Iron Fertilization

机译：天然铁肥促进南大洋深水碳出口

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The addition of iron to high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll regions induces phytoplankton blooms that take up carbon. Carbon export from the surface layer and, in particular, the ability of the ocean and sediments to sequester carbon for many years remains, however, poorly quantified. Here we report data from the CROZEX experiment in the Southern Ocean, which was conducted to test the hypothesis that the observed north-south gradient in phytoplankton concentrations in the vicinity of the Crozet Islands is induced by natural iron fertilization that results in enhanced organic carbon flux to the deep ocean. We report annual particulate carbon fluxes out of the surface layer, at three kilometres below the ocean surface and to the ocean floor. We find that carbon fluxes from a highly productive, naturally iron-fertilized region of the sub-Antarctic Southern Ocean are two to three times larger than the carbon fluxes from an adjacent high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll area not fertilized by iron. Our findings support the hypothesis that increased iron supply to the glacial sub-Antarctic may have directly enhanced carbon export to the deep ocean. The CROZEX sequestration efficiency (the amount of carbon sequestered below the depth of winter mixing for a given iron supply) of 8,600 mol mol~(-1) was 18 times greater than that of a phytoplankton bloom induced artificially by adding iron, but 77 times smaller than that of another bloom initiated, like CROZEX, by a natural supply of iron. Large losses of purposefully added iron can explain the lower efficiency of the induced bloom. The discrepancy between the blooms naturally supplied with iron may result in part from an underestimate of horizontal iron supply.
机译：在高营养，低叶绿素的区域添加铁会引起浮游植物的开花，并吸收碳。然而，从表层的碳出口，尤其是海洋和沉积物多年来固存碳的能力仍然很难量化。在这里，我们报告了来自南大洋的CROZEX实验的数据，该数据用于检验以下假设：自然铁肥导致克罗泽特岛附近浮游植物浓度的南北梯度是由自然铁肥引起的，从而导致有机碳通量增加。到深海。我们报告了每年从海面以下三公里到海床的表层颗粒碳通量。我们发现，南极南极高产，自然铁肥的地区的碳通量比相邻的高铁，低叶绿素地区的碳通量大两到三倍，而该地区没有被铁肥。我们的发现支持这样的假说，即向南极冰川下的铁供应增加可能直接增加了向深海的碳出口。 CROZEX的固存效率（对于给定的铁供应，固存的碳量低于冬季混合的深度）为8,600 mol mol〜（-1），比人工添加铁引起的浮游植物水华高18倍，但是77倍小于铁的自然供应引发的另一次绽放（例如CROZEX）。故意添加铁的大量损失可以解释感应水华的效率较低。自然提供铁的大方坯之间的差异可能部分是由于水平铁供应的低估造成的。

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