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Uplift Of The Longmen Shan And Tibetan Plateau, And The 2008 Wenchuan (m = 7.9) Earthquake

机译：龙门山和青藏高原的隆升，以及2008年汶川（m = 7.9）地震

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摘要

The Longmen Shan mountain range, site of the devastating 12 May 2008 Wenchuan (M = 7.9) earthquake, defines the eastern margin of the Himalayan orogen and exhibits greater topographic relief than anywhere else in the Tibetan plateau. However, before the earthquake, geodetic and geologic surveys measured little shortening across the range front, inspiring a vigorous debate about the process by which the topography of the mountain belt is produced and maintained. Two endmember models have been proposed: (1) brittle crustal thickening, in which thrust faults with large amounts of slip that are rooted in the lithosphere cause uplift, and (2) crustal flow, in which low-viscosity material in the lower crust extrudes outward from the Tibetan plateau and inflates the crust north and east of the Himalayas. Here we use balanced geologic cross-sections to show that crustal shortening, structural relief, and topography are strongly correlated in the range front. This suggests that crustal shortening is a primary driver for uplift and topography of the Longmen Shan on the flanks of the plateau. The 2008 Wenchuan (M = 7.9) earthquake, which ruptured a large thrust fault along the range front causing tens of thousands of fatalities and widespread damage, is an active manifestation of this shortening process.
机译：龙门山山脉是2008年5月12日汶川（M = 7.9）特大地震的发源地，它定义了喜马拉雅造山带的东缘，并且比青藏高原的任何其他地方都表现出更大的地形起伏。但是，在地震发生之前，大地测量和地质调查显示，整个山脉的前缘几乎没有缩短，这激起了有关山区地形形成和维护过程的激烈辩论。已经提出了两种端构件模型：（1）脆性地壳增厚，其中岩石圈中大量滑动的逆冲断层引起隆升；（2）地壳流，其中下部地壳中的低粘度物质挤出从青藏高原向外扩张，使喜马拉雅山脉以北和以东的地壳膨胀。在这里，我们使用平衡的地质横截面来显示地壳缩短，结构起伏和地形在射程前缘密切相关。这表明地壳缩短是高原两侧龙门山隆升和地形的主要驱动力。 2008年汶川（M = 7.9）地震沿测距带破裂造成较大的逆冲断层，造成成千上万人的死亡和大面积破坏，这是这一缩短过程的积极体现。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2009年第7235期|p.194-197|共4页
  • 作者

    Judith Hubbard; John H. Shaw;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, 20 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 自然科学总论;
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