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Till termination us do part

机译：直到终止我们参与

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Translation of messenger RNA into protein is a complex and intricate process involving several steps and many step-specific protein factors. But one factor - eIF5A - seems to have a hand in every step. rnThe process of translation is divided into three main steps: initiation, elongation and termination. Initiation involves the binding of ribosomes - the cell's protein-synthesis machinery - to a specific start site on the messenger RNA sequence. During elongation, the ribosome moves along the mRNA, translating its sequence into a chain of amino acids that are supplied by transfer RNA. Termination occurs when the ribosome and the nascent polypeptide both detach from the mRNA after reaching the end of the protein-coding region on the mRNA. In all three domains of life (bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes), specific protein factors aid each translation step. For example, two universally conserved elongation factors have been identified; their eukaryotic versions are called eEF1A and eEF2. On page 118 of this issue, Saini et al. report the existence of a third universal elongation factor, eIF5A, which is unique in that it also acts as an initiation factor and a termination factor. rnThat eIF5A is an essential protein in yeast is well established. Moreover, much is known about its physical characteristics and biological function. But, despite spectacular advances in the structural analysis of both ribosomes in complex with translation factors and individual factors, the sequential use of eIF5A as a translation factor has not been investigated in detail. Until now, eIF5A has been assumed to be an initiation factor, because when purified it is recovered in association with the initiation factor eIF1A, and it is required for optimal results in a model assay for the initiation step rncalled methionyl puromycin synthesis.
机译：将信使RNA转换成蛋白质是一个复杂而复杂的过程，涉及多个步骤和许多特定于步骤的蛋白质因子。但是一个因素-eIF5A-似乎在每个步骤中都有帮助。 rn翻译过程分为三个主要步骤：起始，延伸和终止。起始涉及核糖体（细胞的蛋白质合成机制）与信使RNA序列上特定起始位点的结合。在延伸过程中，核糖体沿mRNA移动，将其序列翻译成由转移RNA提供的氨基酸链。当核糖体和新生多肽在到达mRNA上的蛋白质编码区末端后都从mRNA脱离时，就会发生终止反应。在生命的所有三个领域（细菌，古细菌和真核生物）中，特定的蛋白质因子均有助于每个翻译步骤。例如，已经确定了两个普遍守恒的伸长因子。它们的真核版本称为eEF1A和eEF2。在此问题的第118页上，Saini等人。报告存在第三个通用延伸因子eIF5A，其独特之处在于它还充当起始因子和终止因子。众所周知，eIF5A是酵母中的必需蛋白。此外，关于其物理特性和生物学功能的信息也很多。但是，尽管在复杂的带有翻译因子和单个因子的核糖体结构分析中取得了令人瞩目的进展，但尚未详细研究将eIF5A作为翻译因子的顺序使用。直到现在，eIF5A仍被认为是起始因子，因为纯化后它会与起始因子eIF1A结合回收，并且对于启动步骤（称为甲硫氨酰嘌呤霉素合成）的模型分析而言，获得最佳结果是必需的。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2009年第7243期|44-45|共2页
  • 作者

    William Merrick;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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