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Global circulation as the main source of cloud activity on Titan

机译：全球循环是泰坦上云活动的主要来源

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摘要

Clouds on Titan result from the condensation of methane and ethane and, as on other planets, are primarily structured by circulation of the atmosphere. At present, cloud activity mainly occurs in the southern (summer) hemisphere, arising near the pole and at mid-latitudes from cumulus updrafts triggered by surface heating and/or local methane sources, and at the north (winter) pole, resulting from the subsidence and condensation of ethane-rich air into the colder troposphere. General circulation models predict that this distribution should change with the seasons on a 15-year timescale, and that clouds should develop under certain circumstances at temperate latitudes (～40°) in the winter hemisphere. The models, however, have hitherto been poorly constrained and their long-term predictions have not yet been observationally verified. Here we report that the global spatial cloud coverage on Titan is in general agreement with the models, confirming that cloud activity is mainly controlled by the global circulation. The non-detection of clouds at latitude ～40° N and the persistence of the southern clouds while the southern summer is ending are, however, both contrary to predictions. This suggests that Titan's equator-to-pole thermal contrast is overestimated in the models and that its atmosphere responds to the seasonal forcing with a greater inertia than expected.
机译：土卫六上的云是甲烷和乙烷的凝结产生的，与其他行星一样，云主要是由大气环流构成的。目前，云活动主要发生在南半球（夏季），在极点附近和中纬度地区，是由于地面加热和/或局部甲烷源引起的积云上升气流引起的，而在北（冬季）端则是由云层活动引起的。富乙烷的空气沉降并凝结到较冷的对流层中。一般的环流模型预测，这种分布应在15年的时间尺度上随季节变化，并且在某些情况下，冬季半球的温带纬度（〜40°）应会形成云。然而，迄今为止，这些模型的约束性较差，并且尚未对它们的长期预测进行观察性验证。在这里，我们报告说，土卫六上的全球空间云覆盖范围与模型基本一致，证实了云活动主要由全球环流控制。然而，在南半球〜40°N没检测到云层以及南部夏季结束时南部云层的持久性与预测相反。这表明在模型中高估了土卫六的赤道与极点热对比度，并且其大气对季节强迫的响应比预期的要大。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2009年第7247期|678-682|共5页
  • 作者

    Sebastien Rodriguez; Stephane Le Mouelic; Pascal Rannou; Gabriel Tobie; Kevin H. Baines; Jason W. Barnes; Caitlin A. Griffith; Mathieu Hirtzig; Karly M. Pitman; Christophe Sotin; Robert H. Brown; Bonnie J. Buratti; Roger N. Clark; Phil D. Nicholson;

  • 作者单位

    Laboratoire de Planetologie et Geodynamique, CNRS, UMR 6112, Universite de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssiniere, 44000 Nantes, France Laboratoire AIM, Universite Paris 7, CNRS UMR-7158, CEA-Saclay/DSM/IRFU/SAp, 91191 Gif/Yvette, France;

    Laboratoire de Planetologie et Geodynamique, CNRS, UMR 6112, Universite de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssiniere, 44000 Nantes, France;

    Groupe de Spectrometrie Moleculaire et Atmospherique, CNRS UMR-6089, Universite de Reims Champagne- Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France LATMO5, CNRS UMR-7620, Universite Versailles-St-Quentin, 91371 Verrieres-le-Buisson, France;

    Laboratoire de Planetologie et Geodynamique, CNRS, UMR 6112, Universite de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssiniere, 44000 Nantes, France;

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109-8099, USA;

    NASA Ames Research Center M/S 244-30, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA;

    Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0092, USA;

    AOSS, PSL, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA;

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109-8099, USA;

    Laboratoire de Planetologie et Geodynamique, CNRS, UMR 6112, Universite de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssiniere, 44000 Nantes, France Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109-8099, USA;

    Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0092, USA;

    Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109-8099, USA;

    USGS, Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225, USA;

    Cornell University, Astronomy Department, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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