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No sodium in the vapour plumes of Enceladus

机译：土卫二的蒸气羽流中无钠

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摘要

The discovery of water vapour and ice particles erupting from Saturn's moon Enceladus fuelled speculation that an internal ocean was the source. Alternatively, the source might be ice warmed, melted or crushed by tectonic motions. Sodium chloride (that is, salt) is expected to be present in a long-lived ocean in contact with a rocky core. Here we report a ground-based spectro-scopic search for atomic sodium near Enceladus that places an upper limit on the mixing ratio in the vapour plumes orders of magnitude below the expected ocean salinity. The low sodium content of escaping vapour, together with the small fraction of salt-bearing particles, argues against a situation in which a near-surface geyser is fuelled by a salty ocean through cracks in the crust. The lack of observable sodium in the vapour is consistent with a wide variety of alternative eruption sources, including a deep ocean, a freshwater reservoir, or ice. The existing data may be insufficient to distinguish between these hypotheses.
机译：土星卫星土卫二爆发的水蒸气和冰粒的发现，促使人们猜测内部海洋是源。或者，可以通过构造运动将冰源加热，融化或压碎。预计氯化钠（即盐）将存在于与岩石核接触的长寿命海洋中。在这里，我们报告了对土卫二附近的原子钠进行的基于地面的光谱搜索，这对低于预期海洋盐度的数量级的蒸气羽流中的混合比设置了上限。逸出蒸气的钠含量低，再加上一小部分含盐颗粒，证明了咸海通过地壳裂缝为近地表间歇泉提供燃料的情况。蒸气中缺乏可观察到的钠盐，这与包括深海，淡水库或冰在内的多种替代喷发源一致。现有数据可能不足以区分这些假设。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2009年第25期|1102-1104|共3页
  • 作者

    Nicholas M. Schneider; Matthew H. Burger; Emily L. Schaller; Michael E. Brown; Robert E. Johnson; Jeffrey S. Kargel; Michele K. Dougherty; Nicholas A. Achilleos;

  • 作者单位

    Laboratory for Atmospheric & Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.;

    University of Maryland, Baltimore County, and NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA.;

    Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA.;

    Geological & Planetary Sciences, Caltech, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.;

    Engineering Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA.;

    Hydrology & Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.;

    Space & Atmospheric Physics, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK.;

    Physics & Astronomy, University College, London WC1E 6BT, UK.;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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