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Progressive mixing of meteoritic veneer into the early Earth's deep mantle

机译:陨石单板逐渐混合到地球早期的深地幔中

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摘要

Komatiites are ancient volcanic rocks, mostly over 2.7 billion years old (from the Archaean era), that formed through high degrees of partial melting of the mantle and therefore provide reliable information on bulk mantle compositions. In particular, the platinum group element (PGE) contents of komatiites provide a unique source of information on core formation, mantle differentiation and possibly core-mantle interaction. Most of the available PGE data on komatiites are from late Archaean (~2.7-2.9 Gyr old) or early Proterozoic (2.0-2.5 Gyr old) samples. Here we show that most early Archaean (3.5-3.2 Gyr old) komatiites from the Barberton greenstone belt of South Africa and the Pilbara craton of Western Australia are depleted in PGE relative to late Archaean and younger komatiites. Early Archaean komatiites record a signal of PGE depletion in the lower mantle, resulting from core formation. This signal diminishes with time owing to progressive mixing-in to the deep mantle of PGE-enriched cosmic material that the Earth accreted as the 'late veneer' during the Early Archaean (4.5-3.8 Gyr ago) meteorite bombardment.
机译:科马提岩是古老的火山岩,大多存在于27亿年以上(从古生时代开始),是通过地幔高度部分融化形成的,因此可提供有关整体地幔成分的可靠信息。特别是,科马铁矿的铂族元素(PGE)含量提供了有关岩心形成,地幔分化以及可能的地幔相互作用的独特信息来源。关于科马铁矿的大多数可用PGE数据来自古生晚期(〜2.7-2.9 Gyr老)或元古代早期(2.0-2.5 Gyr老)样品。在这里,我们显示,相对于晚古生和较年轻的科马提尼,南非的Barberton绿岩带和西澳大利亚的Pilbara克拉通中的大多数早古生(Kyrae)(年龄在3.5-3.2 Gyr)都被消耗掉了。早期的古生铁矾土记录了下地幔中PGE耗尽的信号,这是由于岩心形成所致。由于逐渐掺入富含PGE的宇宙物质的深层地幔,该信号随时间而减弱,在古代古细菌时代(4.5-3.8 Gyr以前),在陨石轰击中,地球将其深深地吸收为“晚期单板”。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2009年第7255期|620-623|共4页
  • 作者单位

    Department of Geology, University of Oulu, Linnanmaa, 90014 Oulu, Finland Centre for Exploration Targeting, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawiey 6009, Australia;

    CSIRO, 26 Dick Perry Avenue, Kensington 6151, Western Australia, Australia;

    Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australian Capital Territory, Australia;

    Centre for Exploration Targeting, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawiey 6009, Australia;

    Geological Survey of Finland, Betonimiehenkuja 4, Espoo 02151, Finland Department of Geology, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Haellstroemin katu 2a, Helsinki 00014, Finland;

    Sciences Appliques, Universite du Quebec a Chicoutirni, Chicoutimi G7H 2B1, Quebec, Canada;

    Geological Survey of Western Australia, 100 Plain Street, East Perth 6004, Western Australia, Australia;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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