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Glacial effects limiting mountain height

机译：限制山高的冰川效应

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摘要

The height of mountain ranges reflects the balance between tectonic rock uplift, crustal strength and surface denudation. Tectonic deformation and surface denudation are interdependent, however, and feedback mechanisms-in particular, the potential link to climate-are subjects of intense debate. Spatial variations in fluvial denudation rate caused by precipitation gradients are known to provide first-order controls on mountain range width, crustal deformation rates and rock uplift. Moreover, limits to crustal strength are thought to constrain the maximum elevation of large continental plateaus, such as those in Tibet and the central Andes. There are indications that the general height of mountain ranges is also directly influenced by the extent of glaciation through an efficient denudation mechanism known as the glacial buzzsaw. Here we use a global analysis of topography and show that variations in maximum mountain height correlate closely with climate-controlled gradients in snowline altitude for many high mountain ranges across orogenic ages and tectonic styles. With the aid of a numerical model, we further demonstrate how a combination of erosional destruction of topography above the snowline by glacier-sliding and commensurate isostatic landscape uplift caused by erosional unloading can explain observations of maximum mountain height by driving elevations towards an altitude window just below the snowline. The model thereby self-consistently produces the hypsometric signature of the glacial buzzsaw, and suggests that differences in the height of mountain ranges mainly reflect variations in local climate rather than tectonic forces.
机译：山脉的高度反映了构造岩石隆起，地壳强度和地表剥蚀之间的平衡。然而，构造变形和地表剥蚀是相互依存的，而反馈机制，尤其是与气候的潜在联系，则是激烈争论的主题。已知由降水梯度引起的河流剥蚀率的空间变化可对山脉宽度，地壳变形率和岩石隆起提供一阶控制。此外，地壳强度的限制被认为会限制大型大陆高原（例如西藏和安第斯中部地区）的最大海拔。有迹象表明，通过有效的剥蚀机制（称为冰川电锯），山脉的总体高度也直接受冰川作用程度的影响。在这里，我们对地形进行了全局分析，结果表明，在整个造山时代和构造风格的许多高山山脉中，最大山高的变化与雪线高度的气候控制梯度密切相关。借助数值模型，我们进一步证明了冰川滑坡对冰川上方的地形造成的侵蚀破坏和由侵蚀卸载引起的相应的等静地景观抬升的组合如何能够通过将海拔高度推向海拔高度窗口来解释最大山高的观测结果在雪线之下。因此，该模型自洽地产生了冰川电锯的催眠特征，并表明山脉高度的差异主要反映了当地气候的变化，而不是构造力。

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  • 来源
    《Nature》 |2009年第7257期|884-887|共4页
  • 作者

    D. L. Egholm; S. B. Nielsen; V. K. Pedersen; J.-E. Lesemann;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Earth Sciences, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark;

    Department of Earth Sciences, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark;

    Department of Earth Sciences, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark;

    Department of Earth Sciences, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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